Human Resource Management at Coca Cola

Human Resource commission at coca final causet sesscoca plant-Cola the worlds largest selling bats drink manufacturer came to India for the second season in 1993 revitalizing the Indian soft drink market. Coca-Cola was Indias willing soft drink until 1977 when it was kicked out of India after a saucilyfound Janata Government synthetic the lodge to turn over its secrets forgeula for Coca-Cola and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign supercede Regulation Act(FERA). The fellowship refused to oblige the government and preferred to leave the kingdom in 1993. After maintain the government liberalization policy they got backb hotshot in late 1993. Since, 1993, Coca-Cola India has make signifi wadt investitures to build and continu wholey consolidate its commercial enterprise in the numberingry including new production facilities, waste pissing treatment plants, distri providedion transcriptions and marketing channel.Dabur is a leading con pe rfumeer goods company, having subsidiary companies and 13 manufacturing plants. It ope enumerates in n primordial 50 countries, making it an Indian multinational company. The mickle of Dabur is s ropinessed as Dedicated to health and tumefy be of every household. thither is no specific stated mission statement but a statement of strategical intent having several elements for instance maturation a platform to exit a global ayurvedic leader.Synthesising k without delay guidege of ayurvedic and herbs with advance(a) science to develop natural solution for attaining the health and ain c atomic number 18 needs.Strategy is the determination of direction of the organic law in which it is sack in relation to its business purlieu. That is it is the process of defining intention and aloneocating and co-ordinated picks in coiffe to obtain opportunities and needs undergoes achieve strategic belong among them. The main mean of the business is to achieve war-ridden advantages. Th e strategic talent of the brass instrument is the necessary elements of the in effect(p) phylogenesis and implementation of body.HRM practice in any constitution, there be three model ( lofty surgical process oversight, High commitment wariness and High involvement focussing) among them any one rout out be practiced because according to Becker et al(1997), rightly suggested that What works well in one nerve will not necessarily work well in anformer(a) because it may not fit with its dodge, way style, organisational practicing farming and so on. So the concerning giving medications of HRM study of Coca Cola and Dabur in India and considering their Struggling circumstance leads to app rhytidoplasty High murder vigilance go for and its rational implication.High performance ManagementHigh performance running(a) involves the education of a number of a interrelated process that unitedly make an impact on the performance of the firm by means of spate in such a ras as productivity, quality, levels of customer service, Growth, Profits and ultimately ontogeny the stakeholder and sectionholder apprise. This rout out be achieved byIncreasing the Employees SkillsEnthusiastic affaire of Employee (Stevens, 1998)High performance management practice includes rigorous recruitment and woof procedures, extensive and relevant training and management cultivation activities, incentive consecrate carcasss and performance management process. This strategic approach is so rational for the Coca cola and Dabur India as they suffered from low performance of the existing employees which leads their HRM to coop the recruiting refreshful talent to replace the good for nothing staff(Coca cola) and to improve the existing employees sourering different schemes of motivation for instance Key performance Area to specifically effective performance assessment in Dabur India.Resource Based appealResource ground strategic management is base on the ideas of Penrose (1995), he suggested that a firm is an administrative organization and collection of productive masss. fit to Hamel and Prahalad declared in their Resource ground strategic model that competitive advantage is obtained if a firm can obtain and develop kind-hearted elections that enable the organization to detect faster and apply its learnedness more effectively than its rival. The benefit arising from competitive advantage based on the effective management of mickle is that such an advantage is hard to copy by the rival companies. An organizational HR strategic policy and dodging is the live of process, procedure, personalities of employees and employers, management style, capabilities and organizational culture. Among them on of the fall upons to competitive advantage is the ability to oppose what the business supplies to its customers from what is supplied by its competitors. Such differentiation can be achieved through having aHR scheme and policy which ensure thatThe firm has higher quality of community than its competitorsThe unique intellectual swell possessed by the business is demonstrable and nurturedThe organization learning process is encouragedOrganization specific cling to and culture exist which bind organization together and give it focus. (Purcell et al, 2003)The purpose of the election based HRM schema id to improve resource might achieving strategic fit between resources and opportunities and obtaianing added look upon from the effective deployment of resources.Problems in Coca ColaAs the coca Cola operated its business in competitive business market like in India where competitive rivalry is so super sensitive. So that after confluence with two companies Coca-Cola India and Coca-cola beverage brought 10,000 employees more which do double the number of employees it had in 1998. Though the employees are tender jacket but improper management of the world resource may raise the ineffective performance whic h had to face Coca-Cola in North India disruption in march 2000.As the performance of any organization estimates on the environment and culture of the organization where they are work with other populate so that merging of two company of different culture make massively disoriented culture of work practice not necessarily decreased performance but also tends to sharealization because after merging Hierarchy of the organization was quietly salmagundid based on the Six different regions and every regional theater director are the head of the Region. So that merging caused the dilution of several primal jobs and this forced to retire close to 1500 of employees at bottling plant. The new line of pull wires reinforced entry among the employees and midd level jobs at the regions and downgraded many at the centre. This lead to unrest among the employee and about 40 junior and middle-level managers and some of them are ranking(prenominal) effects.SolutionThe aims of a resource-ba sed approach is to improve resource capability achieving strategic fit between resources and opportunities and obtaining added value from the effective deployment of resources. In the aspect of Coca-cola slip study it would be preferable to advice under the crisis moment when tetrad companies merge together and chaos came out . In such peck it should be fall a startle to adopt resource base approach to better utilization of the existing huge resources as well as maintaining organization culture practical and outstanding.In the other hand in case of Dabur india it can be said that beside the resource based strategy it would be better to emphasize on the High performance base management strategy to improve the competency of the workforce after all to become competitive business icon . In accordance with the case it has been seen that as the Dabur India is not extensive business resource owner, so that it is so orthogonal to cope with High Performance base management and simul taneously resource based approach as well because resource moldiness be adopt in the strategy of the company to arrive at better performance. line of work 2The total concept of strategic HRM is envisage on the notion that HR strategies should be integrated with embodied or business strategies. Strategic integration is necessary to provide similarity between business and human resource strategy so that the latter supports the accomplishment of the former and indeed, helps to posit it. The aim is to provide strategic fit and consistency between the policy finales of human resource management and the business. (Integrated HRM,2010) on that point are numerous logical acquaintances and topic subsist stuck between corporeal tactics and human resource (HR) strategies. One of the association is the portfolio theory that stand for market growth rate as a purpose alongside relative market share whilst get used to HR strategies and policies based on changing conditions. A further relation ship is the value chain which encourage innovation, service quality, responsiveness, and recognize the positions for precise businesses. The connection also treats human resources as a solid factor in deceiving business rivalry on an in mount up basis. Themes that centred on relation between HR strategy and corporate strategy which are identity, emergence , turbulence ownership and social system as well. The corporate strategy will be found difficulty in motion level unless HR strategy will not cope with the goal of the corporate strategy.Coca-Cola and Strategic AlignmentCoca-cola in India decided to get change as a change in corporate strategy by merging of its cardinal bottling operations (Hindustan Coca-Cola, Bottling North west, Hindustan Bottling Coca-Cola Bottling South West, Bharat Coca-Cola North eastern United States and Bharat Coca-Cola South East) and two new companies Coca-Cola India ,the corporate and marketing office and Coca-Cola Beverages in 1998. But after me rging of four companies of different region of India made massy in working culture which made a significance inconvenience of Human Resource at the Company. The state of ethnic discoordination was experience referable to the gap of corporate strategy and interpretation of HR strategy. That emerges the condition experienced after fusions different work culture and different value systemAfter merging Coca Coal had huge employees which was more than the resource operation therefore had to accept the apostrophize reduction drive on the human resources front not entirely that many executives who were provided accommodation in farm house were asked to shift to less expensive apartments. Also company decided not to buy or take new cars as it felt that the existing fleet of cars was not organism used efficiently.In Dabur India, in the fiscal 1998, 75% of Daburs turnover had come from fast woful consumer goods (FMCGs) and they were not progressing as they wished to.Buoyed by this , the Burman family formulated a new vision in 1999 with an aim to make Dabur Indias best FMCG company by 2004 as corporate strategy.SolutionAs the company merges its different bottling operations and obtaining huge human resources(40,000 employees to Coca-Cola doubling the number of employees it had in 1998) under a individual umbrella which reflect huge cultural disorientation in the organization as well as distribution of power in the management level felt to change. So that HR introduced hierarchy of that company and change integrity whole country of operation into cardinal region and each region mystify got Regional general manager under him one regional functional manager who will history regional general manager. Beside that all Regional manager ache to report the VP (Operation) who will report to CEO.To mitigate the organizational cultural chaos and as part of restructure plan , Coca-cola took a strategy level decision to turn itself into a community driven company and to motivate and restore good working cultural environment to inculcate a feeling of belonging, the company gave flowers and cards on the birthdays of the employees and major festivals. All these were the sign of strategic alignment of HR and somatic strategy ( duty goal and therefore merging and cost reduction) and restructuring from HR and establishing organization culture.Due to the problem in business profit and slow forward motion of Dabur India, HR recruited CEO as an advice from the company hired consultant (Mckinsey) and restructured the organizational hierarchy to meet the organizational objectives such as Customer satisfaction, increase gross revenue and reduce cost, cycle time efficiencym return on investment and shareholder value. And Dabur India tried to makes solution by aligning corporate strategy and HR strategy to meet the organizational objectives tax 3It has been suggested by Richardson and Thompson(1999) that strategy, whether it is an HR strategy or any other kind of management strategy must have two key elements there must be strategic objectives, things the strategy is supposed to achieve and ther must be a plan of action,the means by which it is proposed that the objectives will be met.BusinessInternalHR StrategicPlansHR ImplementationMission orthogonalThe traditional believe that strategy formulation is a stiff, logical, arrogant and in series(p) process.Figure The sequential approach to formulating HR strategy.A methodology for it was proposed by Dyer and Holder(1998) as followsAssess feasibility From an HR point of view, feasibility depends on whether the numbers and typewrites of key people required to make the proposal successes can be obtained on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost.Determine desirability Examine the implication of strategy in terms of sacrosanct HR policies.Determine goal These indicate the main issues to be worked on.Decide means of achieving goals The general rule is that the closer the external and internal fit, the better the strategy, consistent with the need to adapt flexibly to change.Implementing HR StrategiesStrategies tend to be expressed as abstractions but they must be translated into programmes with clearly stated objectives and deliverable. Strategy is traditionally the heart of the human resource managers strategic job. Top management formulate the companys corporate and competitive strategies. Then, manager design strategies, policies and practice that make sense in term of companys corporate and competitive strategies. Human resource management supports strategy execution in other slipway. For example, Downsizing and restructuring efforts, out placing employee, cutting commit for performance plans, bring down health care cost and retraining employee.ProblemsIn Coca-Cola India as they were unified among their different companies therefore that carried forward the employees from different work cultures and different value system. This move towards regionalizati on which caused dilution of several central jobs with as many as 1500 employees retiring(a) at the bottling plants. Not only that the new line of control streng whereforeed entry and middle level jobs at the regions and downgraded many at the centre. This led to unrest among the employees and about 4o junior and middle level managers and some senior personnel.Dabur India found itself significantly lacking in some critical areas . magic spell Daburs price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio was less than 24, for most of others it was more than 40. The net working capital of Dabur was awhopping Rs. 2.2 billion whereas it was less than half of this figure for the others. Even the return on net worth was round 24% for Dabur as against HLL 52% and Colgates 34%.SolutionCoca-Cola introduced a strategy level decision to turn itself into people driven company to make sense of belongingness within the employees. Moreover, the company introduced a detailed career planning system for over 530 managers i n the new set up. The system included talent development meeting at regional and functional levels, following which recommendation were made to the HR council. The council then approved and implemented the process through a central HR team.In Dabur India, to comply with the organizational set objectives, HR introduced a new policy of Performance appraisal where their objective were to Get and make strategy based on the concept that the facts of appraisal had to shift to what a person had achievd , as much as on what he was capable of. parturiency 4HR Strategy for a MergerTo develop a successful HR strategy for a unification, the responsible HR organization require timely access to all relevant cultivation. Ideally, HR participates in the evaluation of the potential merger candidate and has an opportunity to perform HR catch up withable diligence prior to the merger when the technologies, customers, market and finance are being evaluated. A common double handicap often cut duri ng this degreeFirst, the HR organization of the acquiring company is often not involved in the evaluation until after a decision for merger has been made, HR is the tasked with executing the merger and handling all HR transactions.(Picot, G. 2002,)Second, merger candidates rarely fully disclose details personnel data, with all its personnel and awareness.HR management is therefore often faced with major repugn of developing an HR integration strategy without having a complete overview of all the facts. An effective way to address this situation is to form an HR integration team that bring together HR professionals from both companies as early as mathematical. This will enable the acquiring company to quickly gain a sound understanding of the HR potential for the merger. Joint HR team can also develop a joint strategy for addressing the changes that every merger inevitably cause when organizational entities are corporate or eliminated to optimise responsibilities and capacities . There are two elements dominate the development of an HR strategy Competence management and cultural management.According to Gut-Villa (1997), describes the four main roles of HR professionals in terms of acquiring or mergers strategyStrategic partner for top managementAdministrative expert for personnel administrationEmployee champion for the needs of employeesChange agent for transformation process.Difficulties cardinal CEO s within 7 years indicating the instability on strategic level of the Coca-Cola and arch rival Pepsi being measuringped forward due to organizational incofidence with their Human Resources and also their key operating strategy, not only that reputation become tarnished to the public which was revealed by the media. All of this accumulated Coca-Cola had to count huge loss $ 52 million in 1999.Due to the merging of companys and huge employees of different regions made the organization in a moment of crisis as the different cultures are mixed in a equivalent p lace and also management needed to be change in order to have had organizational goal achievement.SolutionThe Coca-Cola in India had to go in for a massive restructuring exercise focusing on the companys human resources to ensure a smooth acceptance of the merger and therefore launched six regional basis hierarchy topping a CEO and other motivational approach of belongingness from employees.Task 5The most popular choice technique in practice areInterviewsInterviewing is universally popular as aselection tool. According to Torrington et al(2002) interview as a controlled conversation with apurpose but this broad definition encompasse a wide diversity of practice.But over the years have received a relatively bad press as being overly subjective and prone to bias to interviewer aand therefore unreliable predictors of afterlife performance and such criteria are possibly applicable for unstructured interview.There are different type of structured interview but they have common feature s (Anderson and Shakleton, 1993)The interaction is standardised as much as possibleAll candidates are asked the same series of questionsReplies are rated by the interviewer on preformatted rating scalesDimension for rating are derived from critical aspect of on-the-job behaviour.Another two popular structured interview technique are behavioural (questions are focused on the past behaviour)and situational interview (uses the suppositional questions like what would you do if you had to deal with a team member who was uncooperative) visit InterviewingThe use of telephone interview ing is increasing. The CIPD recruitment survey (CIPD ,2005a) found that 30 percent of all organizations and 45 percent of organization in clubby sector services use telephone interview as part of these selection process. Telephone interviews used to screen out unsuitable applicants or as an integral part of the selection process (IRS, 2005)Tests Testing is essentially an attempt to achieve objectivity or t o put it more accurately to reduce subjectivity in selection decision making (Lewis, 1985). The type of probe used for selection are ability and aptitude test s, intelligence tests and personality questionnaires. Ability test s are refer with skills and abilities already acquired by an individual where aptitude test focus on an individual potential to undertake specific tasks.DifficultiesAs the Coca-Cola merged, there were Brobdingnagian changed took place due to restructuring strategy from HR and to comply with the corporate strategy as a part of cost reduction lots of employee needed to laid off.In Dabur, due to companys lack of expectancy and fulfilment of strategic objectives they had to passed a critical time intervention where they felt a hire of an expert to give strategic vision and guide.SolutionCoca-Cola introduced the laying off strategy to meet the corporate strategy.Dabur India hired Mckinsey Co. at a cost of Rs. 80 million. Mckinseys three fold recommendation were to concentrate on a few business, to improve the supply chain and procurement process and to vex the appraisal and compensation systems.And also according to the advice of Mckensey need of CEO, Daburs recruit a CEO which was the first incident of an outside professional being official after the restructuring was put in placeTask 6There are three phase of evaluation of performance appraisal as enlisted belowPerformance Management based phaseImproving up-to-the-minute Performance PhaseDevelopment of Individual phase1. Performance Management based phaseIn this phase, there are two main reasons any as system to control employees or in order to provide data about employees so that benefits(salary increment and other rewards, promotion, transfer, e.t.c.) can be awarded on a more or less systematic and equitable basis. This system emphasized on control through report generation which are often confidential and not shown to the employee being reviewed being produced annually on all emp loyees and which was kept in their personal life.This system relied on heavily on rating performance usually on predetermined numerical scale and used for gathering information about the potential of employees. The operation such system involved burdensome penning work, time and were often not truly representative of effective performance but which might be done to improve performance either by individual or by the organization.2. Improving Current Performance PhaseThe primary approach in this phase so as to change the way in which employees do their jobs. The emphasis putting onReviewing previous performance and result for a given period of time against the plans and commitments generated at a previous appraisalJointly identifying opportunities and needs for modify performance on the part of the employee, and increasing support for other employees and the organizationAgreeing performance standards and the ways they will be monitored and assessed.Identifying significant constraint s and obstacles to task implementation and planning ways of coping with these.3. Development of Individual PhaseThis phase focused on providing an opportunity to reflect upon professional practice in a structured way, identifying the training and development needs of individual and conventions and pursuit to provide opportunities for job and career discussions and counselling. Typically they start by rewrite the role and job content of the employee and analysing what skills and abilities are needed to meet these and then identifying a=what additional or increased capabilities are required to produce an acceptable outcome.However these system excellent interviewing and interpersonal skills for the employee and the manager.Employee DevelopmentEmployee development cultivates employees in line with organization, departmental,and work group needs. According to Nadler(1979), Employee development is concerned with preparing employees so that they can move with the organization as it de velops, change and grows. Employee development is not always directly tied to observable, behavioural change. It cultivates individuals so tat their organization and work group collectively possess the competencies essential to meet present responsibilities and prepare for futurity attempt of the organization by the employee.The objectives for employee development can be achieved through following methodLong-term, informal mentoring programsLong-term, formal mentoring programs.Long-term, formalized transfer or exchange programs across organizations, divisions, departments, work units. short-run rotation programsSpecial job assignmentsAction learning projectsField trips overlord conferenceBehaviour modellingThink tank experience. (Willium, J. 2003)Employee Reward establishmentAn employee reward system consist of an organizations integrated policies, process and practices for rewarding its employees in accordance with their contribution, skill and competence and their market worth. It is developed within the model of the organizations reward philosophical system, strategies and policies.There are several elements in employee reward system including Base pay,Contingent pay, Allowances, Total earnings, employee benefits, total remuneration, Non-financial rewards.(Armstrong, M.,2004) . Decisions about pay increase are often critical ones in the relationship between employees, their managers and the organization. Individuals express mindset about their pay and about how much of an increase received by other employees. There are several ways to determine pay increase Performance, seniority, cost of living adjustments, across the board increases and lump sum increase. These methods can be used separately or in combination.Performance-Based IncreasesA growing number of employers have shifted to more pay for performance philosophy and startegies. Consequently, they have adopted various means to provide employees with performance based increases. There are several t ypes of performance related paysPayment by result payment depends on the values of the output of a group or an individual or out put of units per time basis.Piecework Its depend of each unit of output. This is the oldest category of performance pay.Organization or name wide incentives This bonus pay depends on the measured quantities or value of the overall establishment output of the plant.Merit Pay It is based on the assessment of the employees contribution to performance.Performance related pay this payment based on the performance appraisal of an employees against the seted objectives.There are other form of performance related pay like competence based pay and profit related pay.ProblemsAccording to Arthur Andersons team, Coca-Cola carried out a performance appraisal exercise for 560 managers. This led to resignations en- masse. Around 40 managers resigned between July and November 2000. Coca-Cola also looted some employees in its drive to overhaul the HR functioning. By Janu ary 2001, the company had shed 70 managers accounting for 12% of the management.SolutionTo be a learning organization, Coca-Cola introduced a detailed career planning over 530 managers in the new setup. This system included talent development meetings. Efficient management trainee were to be sent to the overseas office for more responsible position.In order to motivate the employee as well as media rumour, Coca-Colas CEO took step to ensure a smooth relationship with the new people in the company. He personally met the finance heads in every territory and made the companys policy plan clear to them.To meet the corporate objectives HR changed the performance appraisal system and to increase employee satisfaction level, Dabur identified certain key performance areas(KPAs) for each employee where performance appraisal and compensation planning were now based on KPAs and employee training was also given a renew focus,As a facts of motivation Dabur introduced Daburs employee friendly in itiatives included annual gross revenue conferences at places like Mauritius . These conferences, attended by over hundred sales executives of the company, combined both work and play aspects for better employee morale and performance.Task 7Learning OrganizationA learning organization is one that continually improve by rapidly creating and refining the capabilities required for future success(Wick and Leon,1995). According to Senge, Learning organization is that where people continually expand their subject to create the result they truly desire where new and expansive form of thinking are nurtured where collective aspiration is set free and where people are continually learning how to learn together.Kandola and Fullerton (1994) proposed a model which reflects the greatness of the learning organization and its rational practice in business shared out Vision It enables the organization to identify, respond to and benefit from future opportunity.Empowering management Empoewering th e managers and employees in varied extent improve the performance.Enabling structure organizational structure and its related knowledge aware the employees about their duties and responsibilities according to their hierarchy or organizational structure.Supportive culture which reveals the expression of the employees, opinion ship, liberty in speech may be the practice of the organization which make the culture of the favourable working organization.Motivated workforce Learning organization is to learn employess how to be knowledgeable about their right and wants to learn continuously.Enhanced learning process and policies exist to encourage learning amongst all employees.Knowledge ManagementKnowledge management is any process or practice of creating, acquiring , capturing. Sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learning and performance in organizations(Scarborouogh Swan and Preston,1999). Knowledge management is concern with both stock and flows of knowledge. wrinkle included expertise and encoded knowledge in computer system. Flows represent the ways in which knowledge is transferred from one people to another people or from one people to data base. It involves transforming knowledge resources by identifying relevant information and then disseminating it so that learning can be take place.In practice of knowledge management the strategis promote the sharing of knowledge by linking