Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in Health and Social Care Essay

1. seeing how to recognise signs of revilement1.1. Define the polar types of contumelyThere be m whatsoever different types of abuse that are usually classifed in 5 main headings. These include PhysicalPhysical abuse is the act of a somebody making affect with someone to intentionally caus pain, harm or injury SexualSexual abuse is forcing internal contact or bhaviour, towards a mortal who doesnt give consent. In some cases mickle are deemed unable to consent due to age or mental wellness.PsychologicalPsychological abuse is where a someone is subjected to mentally stressing situations whic causes motional distress. Abusive realationships are a prime example of psychological abuse where there is an imbalance of power and the abuser has book. FinanicalFinanical abuse is where an indvidual tries to take control or gain access to a nonhers finanances illegally and with divulge the persons consent. InstitutionalInstitutional abuse is the mistreatment of a person within a bid environment. Usually due to miss of staff training and unacceptable standards of service. Self neglectSelf neglect is where a person does not care for their canonic needs, such as their basic hygine. People who self neglect regularlly put themselves at risk of harm or place themselves in dangerous situations. Neglect by othersNeglect is where a person responsible for the care needs of another fails to meet their needs. This is usually because they do not relise the importance of giving the care that is needed or they strike not to.1.2. determine the signs and symptoms associated with each type of abuse.PhysicalThe capableness signs for physical abuse can includeFractures and dislocationmultiple bruising in well-protected areas of the carcassscratches or cutpressure ulcers, sores or rashesblack eyes or bruising to earswelt attachscalds or cigarette burnsa news report of falls, injuries or a history of accidental overdose unable to hand over an explanation consistant to th eir injuries clinical intervention without any clear benefit to the person deteriouration of health without an obvious causeloss of weight contrasted, inadequate or soiled wearablewithdrawal or mood changescarers resistance to allow people to visitreluctanc to be left alone with the alleged abuserSexualThe physical signs of sexual abuse arebruises, scratched, burns or bite marks to the bodyscratches, abrasions or persistent infections in the genital regions pregnancyrecurrant genital or urinary infectionsblood or marks on underwear abdominal muscle pains with no diagnosabl causeAs well as the physical signs their can overly be behavioural signs which act as an indicator of sexual abuse, these can include provocative sexual behaviour or promiscuityprostitutionsexual abuse of othersself-injury or self-distructive behaviour such as inebriant and drug abuse or repeated suicide attempts. behaviour that invites further exploitationdisappearing from a home environmentaggression, anxiety or f skillfulreluctance to be left alone with the alleged abuserfrequent masterbationrefusal to undress for activities such as swimming or bathing PsychologicalThe potential indicators for psychological abuse can include refusal to be left alone with the alleged abusercarer seems to ignore the persons needs and presencereports from neighbours of shouting, let out and swearingFearful of raised voices, distressed if they feel their in trouble a culture of teasing or taunting which causes distress and humiliation the carer refers to the cared for person in a derogatory way no valuing of basic human rightscared for person being treated like a childFinancialThe signs and symptoms that are associated with financial abuse can include very few or no personal possessionsunusual change in spending pattern undetermined shortage of moneyunexplained disappearance of possessionsfamily regularly asking for money from the persons allowance family unwilling to pay from persons funds for service t hey conduct person not made aware of financial mattersenduring power of attorney set up without consulting a doctor where the person is already lost(p) other people taking over persons propertyperson not being allowed to manage their own financial affairs sudden changes of a willInstitutionalThere are many signs and symptoms of institutional abuse but the key factor to identifying it, is that the abuse is accepted or snub by the care organisation. Examples of this are complaints procedures are deliberately made unavailableaccess to advice and advocacy is restricted or not allowedexcessive or inappropriate doses of sedation or medication are given the setting is run for the convenience of the staffprivacy and dignity are not respected immunity to go out is limited by the institutionrefused choices over day-to-day decisions such as mealtimes, bedtimes, what to wear or use the toilet Self-neglectThe signs and symptoms of self-neglect can sometimes be hard to recognise as it could be that the person has decided on this lifestyle choice and is happy to live this way. These situations are difficult to assume decisions and a balance must be achieved to ensure we dont remove a persons ability to choose how they live hitherto safeguarding and protecting vunerable people. The signs to watch for can include becoming ill regularlyloss of weightbeing dirty and unwashedwearing soiled clothingan un brisk living environmentwithdrawal from sociatyNeglect by othersThe signs and symptoms of neglect by others are similar to self-neglect but the person relies on others for their care. For example not given adequate food or given assistance to eatdoesnt get support with personal care and fails to maintain a clean living environment being left alonenot supporting communication needs or aiding with mobilityfailing to maintain medical or health care needsnot supporting social contacts1.3. Describe the factors that may contribute to an man-to-man being more vulenerable to abuse.E very individual is open to abuse and there are many risk factors that can make a person more vulenerable to abuse. However a person may still be abuse when no obvious factors are present. Some factors that are known to contribute to the risk of abuse are poor communication between the person and their carerchallenging behaviour by the cared for personyoung or immature carerscarers feeling unable to carry on or strong feelings of frustration person and their carer accept a history of a troubled relationship carer having an alcohol or drug dependancycarer believing that the person is being deliberately difficult or ungrateful carer not taking on the roll of carer willingly and had to make big lifestyle changes carer having more than one care responsibilitiesperson being bowel little towards carercarer having disturbed sleepboth person and carer being socially isolatedfinancial or ho apply pressuresdelays to provide supportno family support or contact2. Know how to suffice to suspe cted or alleged abuse.2.1. let off the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused.If you suspect an individual of being abused it is important that you speak to the individual and allow them to be open with you. Listen to the individual and do not judge their word. Try to establish what it is that has occurred without asking any tuging questions. Reassure the individual that they are being interpreted gravely and that you will help them to make it stop. Ensure that the facts are recorded on the appeopriate paperwork and is write and dated making sure to report the incident to a elderly member of staff.2.2 let off the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused.When an individual speaks out about abuse it is important to take the allegations seriously. Reassure them that they can tell you everything and youll do everything in your power to help it stop. Make a written estimate of what has been said making sure to include o nly the facts and not your own opinions. Sign and date the paperwork and report it to senior members ofstaff for them to take the matter further.2.3 Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved.to record the facts immediately making sure to sign and date the paperwork record any physical signs of abuse using a body map, try to describe the injuries size, shape and colour try not to tamper with any evidence unless you prevail to for the wellbeing of the individual if you arrive to touch anything, record what you buzz off donereport the evidence to senior members of staff immediately3. Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from abuse 3.1 Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse.Both nationally and locally the protection of vulnerable adults forms part of the safeguarding adults agenda. Local boards are responsible for delivering a multi-based agency to respond to the safeguar ding of adults. They are also responsible for conducting Serious Case Reviews when someone has died as a result of abuse. Nationally there are legislations that provide the basis for dealing with vulnerable adults that are being abused. Such as the accusation Standards Act 2000, Safe guarding vulnerable groups act 2006 and the Mental healt act 1983.3.2 Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse.Many different agencies are responsible for safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse this is to ensure that abuse if easyer to be found, recorded and report to the right authorities. These agencies include Medical professionals such as GP, hospital staff, nurses, docors etc. They can examine, diagnose & treat abuse, they will record all evidence including photographic evidence. An right Witness such as paediatris, geriatrics, psychiatrics etc can report evidence of abuse The local authority wouldcarry out an esteemment of needs, through social workers. This would assess the risks of abuse for the individual The Safeguarding Team, within Social Services investigates & ensures safety and will work with other agencies such as police.A Safeguarding & Protection Officer would lead the Adult Protection Alert. The Police will investigate and prosecute abusive cases, they will work with other agencies, to provide support to victims and raise awareness of abuse. Care Quality Commission regulate & inspect care providers, ensuring that safeguarding policies are being adhered to. Independent care homes, following safeguarding policies, to safeguard & protect vulnerable people beforehand employment commences, including CRB checks3.3 Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse.The biggest example of failures to protect individuals from abuse would be the report by the Care Quality Commission on the services provided at Winterbourne View. Despite a senior nurse alerting the care homes managem ent and the CQC on several occasions about cases of abuse, his concerns were failed to be followed up. CQC inspectors found that the home had failed to ensure people under the care of Winterbourne View were adequately protected from risk CQC also added that the home failed to meet standards required by law such as music directors did not report majors incidents to the CQCplanning and delivery of care did not meet individual needsthey did not have stalwart systems to assess and monitor the quality of services they have not responded to, or considered complains about the service investigation into the conduct of staff was not robust and didnt safeguard individuals they didnt take steps to identify the risks of abuse or to avoid abuse happening they ignored allegations of abuse and did not respond appropriatly they did not have steps in place to protect individuals from abuse used exessive use of restraitstaff were inexperienced and untrained to deal with the individuals in their car e3.4 Identify sourses of information and advise about own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse.There are many ways to access information on safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse such as national polices and proceedures, individual care plans, local authorities polices and proceedures, training in areas such as safeguarding and information from management.4. apprehension ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse.4.1 Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced byworking with person centered values load-bearing(a) active participationpromoting choices and rightsEnsuring that the individual maintains the right to make choices for themselves. That they are confident and have a vision of self worth to help individuals feel less vulnerable towards abuse. Understanding that they have a choice to be heard and knowing that they can share anything and that information will be taken seriously will reduce the likelihood of abuse taking place. Active partic ipation builts self esteem, refusing to tolerate abuse and be more likely to report it.4.2 Explain the importance of an accessable complaints proceedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse.When the complaints proceedure is clear and easily accessable an indivdual is more likely to report an incident of abuse and abusers will be more likely be investigated on their behaviour. Knowing this would make them less likely to abuse. Individuals that are vulnerable to abuse will feel protected and empowered to report any incidences of abuse.5. Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices5.1 Describe unsafe practices that may affect the benefit of individuals.In a care setting unsafe practies that affect the well-being of individualscould includeStaff shortagesStaff feel pressured to cut corners due to lack of time and for example may not wait to ensure that medication has been taken properly Staff are unsure of the individuals correct needs and then dont deliver the right care the ind ividual needs Lack of training for all staff could lead to poor moving and handling of an individual Inexperienced staff in a senior roleLack of correct equipment or equipment is broken or unavailable puts the individual act risk of harm5.2 Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identifiedStaying in line with policies and proceedures we have to ensure that the safety of the individual is protected and away from any risks. Report everything to senior management and write graduate what is suspected and why on appropriate paperwork and try to preserve the evidence of the practices without endangering others.5.3 Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response.If nothing has been done in response to reporting to a senior member of staff, the deputy manager or home manager should be informed. If again noting happens the local safeguarding authorities such as council, police or other agencies sh ould be contacted to invested the matter further. The CQC should also be contact about the matter. Keeping all information that has been reported written down with times and dates of the unsafe practices,when they orginally reported and to who you reported it to.