Art of Viewing Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art of Viewing Art - Essay Example two extremely large factors that are nowadays driving our life; people are constantly in the search of their true identity without witnessing any judgments. Thus, the advancement of technology is playing an effective role in new identity representations. There is a correlation with the height of the trans-rights movement in a time where both creation and identity building are eased through the use of Internet. This idea breaks the norm and the dangers of self-creation by enabling the construct and manifest of an identity that is often seen as off-limits or not â€Å"correct† in the physical world. The artwork named as Juliana is in the form of a human figure, resting on a raised surface. The motivation behind the creation of this human figure is Juliana Huxtable, a renowned artist. Mark Guiducci stated that, â€Å"Frank Benson saw a photograph of Huxtable’s first Nuwaubian persona two years ago and asked her to model for him around that time† (n. pag.). Besides, this artwork surprises the viewers because of its life-size image and the cunning amalgamation of 3D printing with sculpture making. Similarly, the sculpture is in naked form, projecting sexual organs. Besides, this artwork represents the visual symbol of self-creation, inherent in the character (Juliana Huxtable) and his/her identity in the society as a transgender. On the other side, the artwork named as Untitled in the Rage is in the form of a photograph. Apart from the first artwork, this artwork exploits the scope of self-portrait. To be specific, the artist made use of her own body to represent her real identity. Besides, this artwork is symbolic of the rich tradition of Africa and its amalgamation with American culture in general. But the first artwork is symbolic of the scope of 3D printing and the second artwork is symbolic of the scope self-portrait and photography within art. In short, both the artworks belong to different genres, but the theme is same. The mastermind behind this sculpture (3D

Occupied America Essay Example for Free

Occupied America Essay The logic of â€Å"Not just pyramids, Explorers, and Heroes.† The main purpose of this chapter is to explain the evolution of the Mesoamerica civilizations through the Preclassical and Postclassical periods, explain the evolution and impact that agriculture had during the first stages of the civilization and how that fact was the main factor of the change from nomads to sedentary and also to describe the changes in the development of the classes and differences of gender and the creation of the â€Å"cities† and urban centers. Everything explained chronologically to a better understand of the topic, evaluating every aspect of the culture, as the author says â€Å"Time represents the knowledge a people have accumulate.† (2) What the author was question I think in this chapter was the main characteristics of the most important or more highlighted cultures in Mesoamerica, talking also briefly about the similarities whit other civilizations around the world but putting more attention that what the â€Å"evolution† or progress of people in Mesoamerica means because he talks from the Olmecas to the Aztecs and some other cultures that were an important part of the history of those civilizations and the generation of a new urban population as stated â€Å"Food surpluses made possible â€Å"specialization of labor† and the development of complex social institutions such as organized religion and education.† (2) I do believe that the most important information that we have to remember are not necessarily the exact time or the exact characteristics of each civilization but which one was first and which one appeared later chronologically, by an example knowing that the Olmeca’s are known as the mother culture because it is known as the oldest culture of all, and then the Mayas appeared with some similarities in their hieroglyphics and some traditions, or as how the religion and beliefs about Quetzalcoatl of the mother culture was expanded towards some other civilizations of Mesoamerica, and not stopping here but also remembering the importance of each of one and also their differences. Getting to understand their progress through the time, and how this civilizations developed a new urban system by creating centers and actual cities formed not only by pyramids but also homes and schools, how is that their progress created a society that advanced. And also the changes every culture ha d by how the hierarchies worked and how some people were more powerful than others by the â€Å"primogenitor† right.

Essays --

Racial profiling is stereotyping and it violates civil rights. Also it has harm ethnic minorities. People have different opinions about this kind of situation they have their pros and cons, it has come to a point where they even violated our civil rights. When it comes to racial profiling it has affected society for many years that even law enforcement have become a problem to the community as well retails stores, as we seen, the races that are target the most are non-white. Throughout the years we seen and heard cases about people been innocent and that get followed at a shopping center, get stop just by walking down the street for looking â€Å"suspicious† and for their physical appearances. It’s not a great thing to do, but let’s face it we have done at some point. This type of circumstances have harm ethnic minorities. The main races that are target are Hispanics and Latinos, Arab and Muslims, African American, but they each have a category for why they been stop, follow and harass. First Hispanics and Latinos are been profile because some of them might be illegal. African American for been violent, troublemakers and been theft. Arab and Muslims are category as been terrorist. They have become second-class citizens for all that mistreatment or neglecting society, law enforcement has done to them. An example of second -class citizen is when in April 2010, Arizona authorized SB 1070, a law that would require law-enforcement officers to prove the citizenship of individuals they stop if they have reasonable suspicion that they may be in the United States illegally. (NY Times: Blocking Parts Palacios 2 of Arizona Law, Justices Allow Its Centerpiece). Other reason why it harms our society is when it comes to physical appearance, people... ...o humiliates us. I know for a fact that I would not want to be criticized based on the actions of people like me, before I even had the chance to be myself. Whether it’s profiling Hispanics as illegal immigrants, Muslims as terrorists, racial profiling is shameful and Palacios 5 disrespectful and before you do it you should ask yourself, â€Å"Would you like to be judged based on completely different people?† So, next time you see that Muslim, Hispanic, Arab, think twice before you judge. It is unfair to the millions of innocent people who just happen to be of the same skin color or have the same name to those who have committed crimes. Racial profiling is harmful, but there’s a difference as long as you have evidence or reasonable cause and for sure you know the whom the person is or what there doing then there’s no problem. At the end don’t judge a book by its cover. Essays -- Racial profiling is stereotyping and it violates civil rights. Also it has harm ethnic minorities. People have different opinions about this kind of situation they have their pros and cons, it has come to a point where they even violated our civil rights. When it comes to racial profiling it has affected society for many years that even law enforcement have become a problem to the community as well retails stores, as we seen, the races that are target the most are non-white. Throughout the years we seen and heard cases about people been innocent and that get followed at a shopping center, get stop just by walking down the street for looking â€Å"suspicious† and for their physical appearances. It’s not a great thing to do, but let’s face it we have done at some point. This type of circumstances have harm ethnic minorities. The main races that are target are Hispanics and Latinos, Arab and Muslims, African American, but they each have a category for why they been stop, follow and harass. First Hispanics and Latinos are been profile because some of them might be illegal. African American for been violent, troublemakers and been theft. Arab and Muslims are category as been terrorist. They have become second-class citizens for all that mistreatment or neglecting society, law enforcement has done to them. An example of second -class citizen is when in April 2010, Arizona authorized SB 1070, a law that would require law-enforcement officers to prove the citizenship of individuals they stop if they have reasonable suspicion that they may be in the United States illegally. (NY Times: Blocking Parts Palacios 2 of Arizona Law, Justices Allow Its Centerpiece). Other reason why it harms our society is when it comes to physical appearance, people... ...o humiliates us. I know for a fact that I would not want to be criticized based on the actions of people like me, before I even had the chance to be myself. Whether it’s profiling Hispanics as illegal immigrants, Muslims as terrorists, racial profiling is shameful and Palacios 5 disrespectful and before you do it you should ask yourself, â€Å"Would you like to be judged based on completely different people?† So, next time you see that Muslim, Hispanic, Arab, think twice before you judge. It is unfair to the millions of innocent people who just happen to be of the same skin color or have the same name to those who have committed crimes. Racial profiling is harmful, but there’s a difference as long as you have evidence or reasonable cause and for sure you know the whom the person is or what there doing then there’s no problem. At the end don’t judge a book by its cover.

An Inspector Calls - The Role Of the Inspector Essay -- English Litera

An Inspector calls - The Role Of the Inspector. The character of Inspector Goole is the catalyst for the evening's events and is quite a mystery and fascination to many people. He is described and comes across as able to create 'an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦' He speaks carefully, weightily and has a disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses. I will be carefully looking at how he manages to be so powerful and authoritative, mainly concentrating on the specific language and use of rhetorical speaking that he uses throughout the play. I will also mention the mystery of whether the inspector was an impostor and look at the broad possibilities, of which he may be, One of the most effective things that the Inspector manages to do is to have large power and control over the other characters and is seen by the reader as an immense man, despite the stage directions clearly stating that 'he need not be big'. He appears to be 'massive' because of the stares he gives people, and how he makes them feel so uneasy. He often stares the truth out of a character by doing so until they admit to have not been sincere with their story. He has a disconcerting way of speaking, a certain tone and pace of his voice, but also cleverly structures sentences as if he has planned it all out and using rhetorical speaking. He asks question after question, to the Birlings always receiving information but never giving anything, the most striking thing being that he is never once surprised at what he hears, as if he knows everything even before he hears it. On the account for the inspectors knowing and understanding the history of Eva Smith, Sheila says: 'Why - you fool - he knows... ...ew it all already, and then involved himself giving his view on their actions, criticising and blaming them. He seems very unprofessional and gets too worked up and emotional on such small things: 'Don't stammer and yammer at me again, man. I'm losing all patience with you people' This is a very unprofessional thing to say and shows that he does not treat the Birlings with the professional respect that should be expected. For dramatic effect he also goes into unnecessary detail of how Eva suffered and at some points gets quite personal and delicate with what he tells the Birlings about her. Again this is very unprofessional. No one will ever know exactly who the Inspector is, whether he is a time traveller from the future, Eva smiths ghost? And this leaves a great sense of mystery about the play, which I believe is one of its great qualities.

Foundation Broad Cost Leader Essay

This practice exercise will help you understand the relationships between business strategy, tactics, functional alignment, and the Foundation ® simulation. We will use the Chester Company for this example. (During the practice rounds, each company is assigned a different strategy.) You will execute your plan by inputting the decisions described below. At the same time, your competitors will execute their assigned plans. The practice exercise will take three rounds As each round is processed, you will evaluate the results and then input the next round’s assigned decisions. Upon completion of the practice rounds, the simulation will be reset to the beginning. You can then create and implement your own strategic plan for the actual competition. Executive Summary The Chester team will adopt a Broad Cost Leader strategy, maintaining a presence in both segments. We will gain a competitive advantage by keeping R&D costs, production costs, and raw material costs to a minimum, enabling us to compete on the basis of price. Our Cost Leader orientation will allow us gain a competitive advantage based upon low prices. We will increase automation levels to improve our margins and to make it acceptable to run overtime (which we can also view as a second shift). Vision Statement Low priced products for the industry: Chester brands offer solid value. Our primary stakeholders are bondholders, customers, stockholders and management. Research and Development (R&D) We will keep our existing product line and launch one new product in order to maintain a presence in both the Low Tech and High Tech segments. We will work to keep our products up to date (i.e. Size and Performance) in each segment despite high automation levels. Marketing We will maintain awareness and accessibility. After we establish our cost leadership position we will revisit our situation to decide whether sales and promotion budgets should be reduced or if we should keep pace with our competitors. Our prices will be lower than average. Production We will significantly increase automation levels on all products. However, because automation sets limits upon our ability to reposition products with R&D, we automate more in the slower moving Low Tech segment than in the fast moving High Tech segment. We will prefer overtime to capacity expansions. Finance We will finance our investments primarily through long-term bond issues, supplementing with stock offerings on an as needed basis. When our cash position allows, we will establish a dividend policy and begin to retire stock. We are not adverse to leverage, and expect to keep debt/equity between 2.0 and 3.0. PRACTICE ROUND 1 Follow the decisions below. After the practice rounds are complete and the competition rounds begin, you are free to choose a different strategy; you are not obligated to continue as a Broad Cost Leader. R & D Round 1 Cake – Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Reduce MTBF from 21000 to 18000. Do not reduce MTBF below 17000 hours, because that is the lower limit of acceptable reliability (MTBF) for High Tech customers. New Product – Launch a new High Tech product, with a project length less than 2 years (no later than December of next year). Example: Name: Cedar (replace the first NA in the list), performance 9.0, size 11.0 and a reliability (MTBF) 20000. 1 Important: Under the rules of the simulation, the names of all new products must have the same first letter as the name of the company. Important: With the exception of the new product, make certain that the projects complete during this year before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If these projects do not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up projects next year. Perceptual Map from the Research & Development Spreadsheet: Product names in black indicate the product’s current location, names in magenta indicate the product’s revised position (with slight revisions, the names will overlap). Names of newly invented products appear in magenta. Marketing Round 1 Cake – Make moderate price cuts and decrease promotion and sales budgets. Forecast unit sales near last year’s level. Example: Price $33.50, promotion budget $800, sales budget $800. Forecast sales of 1300 units. New Product – Marketing decisions will be made next year when the new product is ready to begin production. Production Round 1 Production schedules will plan for eight weeks of inventory. That is, have enough inventory on hand to meet demand eight weeks beyond the sales forecast. This requires a 15% inventory cushion (8/52 = 0.15). For example, suppose Marketing forecasts demand at 1000, and you have 100 units in inventory. You want 1000 x 115% = 1150 available for sale. Since you have 100 on hand, you would schedule 1050 for production. If you cannot meet demand, sales go to competitors. Therefore, you want to plan for the upside as well as the downside. Your proforma balance sheet will forecast about eight weeks of inventory. You hope that your actual sales will fall between your sales forecast and the number of units available for sale. Schedule production for your existing product using this formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand. Cake – Increase automation level by 1.0 point. New Product – Buy 300,000 units of capacity by entering 300 in the Buy Sell Capacity cell. Set an automation level of 3.0. Important: There is a one year lag between purchase and use of new capacity and automation for both new and existing products. 2 Important: Make certain the Cake project completes during this year, before December 31st. Under the rules, a new project can only begin on January 1st. If a project does not complete before the end of this year, you cannot begin follow-up project next year. Finance Round 1 Your fiscal policies should maintain adequate working capital reserves to avoid a liquidity crisis. Working capital can be thought of as the money that you need to operate day-to-day. In Foundation ® working capital is current assets (cash + accounts receivable + inventory) – current liabilities (accounts payable + current debt). If you run out of cash because your sales are unexpectedly weak, an Emergency Loan will be issued. Here are some guidelines to help you avoid an Emergency Loan. Your proforma balance sheet predicts your financial condition at the end of this year. Make conservative sales forecasts. Do not rely on the computer prediction. Override it with a forecast of your own. If you are conservative, it is unlikely that your worst expectations will be exceeded. Next, build additional inventory beyond your conservative expectations. This forces your proforma balance sheet to predict a future where your sales forecast comes true and you are left with inventory. (If you sell the inventory, that’s wonderful.) On the Finance spreadsheet, issue stock, bonds or current debt until the December 31 Cash Position for the upcoming year equals at least five percent of your assets, as displayed on the proforma balance sheet. This creates an additional reserve for those times when your worst expectations are exceeded and disaster strikes. As you gain experience with managing your working capital, you will observe that the guidelines above make you somewhat â€Å"liquid,† and you may wish to tighten your policy by reducing cash and inventory projections. That is fine. The better your marketing forecasts, the less working capital you will require. Match your plant investment with a long-term bond. If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Do not pay a dividend. Save decisions (select â€Å"directly to the website†). PRACTICE ROUND 2 R & D Round 2 Cake – Improve positioning and reduce age. Reduce reliability (MTBF) to reduce material cost. Example: Increase Cake’s performance to 6.7, reduce size by 13.0, and reduce MTBF to 17000. New Product – Note that the new product’s row is yellow instead of green, and that you cannot change these cells. This is because your product will not emerge from R&D until its current project completes. Under the rules of the simulation, new R&D projects cannot begin until the old one completes. 3 Marketing Round 2 Cake – Offer a price cut to $32.50. Hold promotion and sales budgets near current levels. Cake will still sell to both Low Tech and High Tech customers. Enter a forecast of 1100. New Product – Price at $44.00, Promotion at $1000, Sales at $1000. Since Cedar won’t be ready to enter production until well into this year, so enter 200 for sales forecast. Production Round 2 Schedule production using the formula: (Unit Sales Forecast X 1.15) – Inventory On Hand Important: As your new product is coming out sometime during the year, you might not be able to use the above formula – new products cannot begin production prior to their revision (release) date. Should the number you enter into the production schedule turn red, reduce the schedule until the red number turns black. Cake – Increase automation by 1.0 or 2.0 points. New Product – Increase automation level, but only by 1.0 points. We will want to begin repositioning it next year in order to keep it fresh for High Tech customers. The higher the automation rating, the more difficult it is to reposition. We must strike a balance between our cost pressure requirements vs. our need to reposition often. FINANCE ROUND 2 Match your plant investment with a long term debt (bond). If you do not have sufficient new bond debt capacity, issue stock to cover the shortfall. Look at the proforma balance sheet, and add together your Cash and Inventory accounts. Apply the following rule of thumb. Keep between 15% and 20% of your balance sheet assets in Cash plus Inventory. You do not care about the mix, but you do want to have adequate reserves to cover unexpected swings in inventory.

Night4 essays

Night4 essays Elie describes the events that are occurring around him and his profession. The Jews from the town of Sighet are relocated (against there will) to the Jewish ghettos. Elie had to leave all of his belongings and possessions behind. They were transported from their desired residence to the ghettos by cattle trains. Elie must have felt helpless, sad, and angry that everything that he and his family had worked for was being taken away. He as well felt this way because he could not do anything about it and/or to prevent it. He had the mature feelings even though unlike many other children he was not separated from his family helping him deal with what was going on around him better. Elie and his family were moved to an internment camp by the name of Berkenau. The prisoners were kept in the dark about their final destination (an concentration camp). The family as well was not aware of ware they were going. On the cattle, cars the conditions were unbearable. There were such a number of people on these train cars that the individuals inside had to take turns who were standing and who were sitting. The individuals including Elies family were trapped in these conditions for several days without the assistance of food or water. There was a woman on the train named Madame Schachter who kept ranting and raving about a fire the entire trip. Elie must have felt helpless and cramped. He along with the others must have been angry and probably took it out on each other. They as well had time to try to compute what ha happened to them. Many were looking forward to a change since they believed nothing could be worse than the ghettos they had been dwelling until this point. Elie and his family arrive the most destructive of all concentration camps Auschwitz. This camp was responsible for roughly 1.5 million deaths. Here the systematic killing (eradication) of Jews, Gypsies, and Homosexuals was honed to a finite science....

Conservatism (Politics) - Definition

Conservatism (Politics) - Definition Definition: Political conservatism in the United States is both an intellectual/theoretical tradition and a popular political movement.As an intellectual tradition, political conservatism does not necessarily focus on any particular political position or issue. In fact, most conservative traditionalists disagree with one another over a number of issues including (but not limited to) abortion, stem cell research, capital punishment, the environment and war. Nevertheless, these intellectual traditionalists tend to subscribe to the same conservative principles, those being primarily the importance of family, but also a small or limited government, a strong national defense and free enterprise.As a popular political movement, conservatism is more specific regarding a host of specific political issues that include (among other things) the pro-life movement, judicial restraint, welfare reform, immigration reform and the sanctity of marriage (specifically the opposition to gay marriage).Conservatism is also an umbrella term that embodies several different types of politically conservative philosophies. These are often primarily identified as neoconservatism, paleoconservatism and social conservatism, but they also include fiscal conservatism, cultural conseratism and crunchy conservatism. Pronunciation: kunservitizim Also Known As: moderation, orthodoxy, preservation, prudence, right-wing, reactionary, temperance, traditionalism, utilitarianism Alternate Spellings: conservativeness Examples: Former President Ronald Reagan: The basis of conservatism is a desire for less government interference or less centralized authority or more individual freedom, and this is a pretty general description also of what libertarianism is.†Author Craig Bruce: Liberalism is financed by the dividends from Conservatism.Actor Robert Redford: â€Å"Because, you know, youre in Utah. And because of its political conservatism, if you can make it there, you can make it anywhere.†

history and Origin of Dracula essays

history and Origin of Dracula essays What is a vampire? Webster's Dictionary defines on as "in folklore, a corpse that becomes reanimated and leaves its grave at night to suck the blood of sleeping persons." The Encyclopedia Britannica says that "the persons who turn vampires are generally wizards, suicides, and those who come to a violent end or have been cursed by their parents or by the Church. But anyone can become a vampire if an animal (especially a cat) leaps over the corpse or a bird flies over it." Among the specialists the most intriguing definition is written by Scoffern who said " The best definition I can give of a vampire is a living mischievous and murderous dead body." This is a strange and contradicting , but so are vampires. Religion plays a large part in the human society not only as a source of hope and belief, but as an explanation of events that happen and for what purposes they happen. During the reign of pagan beliefs many areas of the world formed their own superstitions and beliefs in the supernatural. As the people were conquered by other lands or moved, many beliefs became intertwined and developed into most of the superstitions that we know today. In Ancient Greece, tragic stories are full of the most horrifying blood-letting, but the closest one gets to a vampire is the Emusa, or Lamia, a demon that had a tangible body but not one made of human flesh and blood. The Lamia is said to be a real woman. A queen, who was paid visit by Zeus, king of the gods, became pregnant with child. Zeus's wife Hera did not like this and took the child in anger. In her grief the princess left her castle and roamed the woods. Soon she was known for attacking mothers and their children while traveling. Other Ancient Greek demons and vampires include the Maniae (horribly deformed people), the Larvae (spirits that persecute children), the Mormo (a hideous female spirit), the Gilo (night wandering phantoms), and the Stirges (in one form the appeare...

Business Ethics And Law Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Ethics And Law Paper - Essay Example The two companies are interested in a contract with First Street Bank and Alex sees success in winning a contract with the bank as an opportunity for his promotion while the bank’s vice president seems to favor APEX for the contract. The bidding deadline is almost and the vice president calls Alex and his team and leaves him with a folder labeled â€Å"Computer Solutions.† The moral dilemma is Alex’s possible action with the competitor’s envelop that the vice president has given him (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane and Martin, 2009).  Kant’s ethical theory offers one of the bases for analyzing the case. One of the imperatives to Kant’s ethical perspectives is universal acceptance of an action. The imperative identifies morality if an act is generally accepted as a guiding principle. A manager, for example, should take actions that can be accepted as precedents to his company and other. Gaining access to a competitor’s bid, especially when bi ds are by secret ballot is however unacceptable as it infringes the competitor’s privacy and breaches concept of fair competition. Computer Solutions would be the victim while Alex, his assistants, and the vice president would be the immoral actors. Another imperative that Kant offers is the criticism against treating people as means to a person’s end and the case identifies promotion as Alex’s core objective into the bid. Taking advantage of a person’s weakness is an example. Using the folder to undermine Computer Solutions’ competitiveness will identify unethical behavior in which Alex is the actor, together with his assistants and the vice president, though these parties may not be aware, and Computer Solutions is the victim. The vice president, the assistants, and the competitor would, therefore, mean to Alex promotion should he win the contract with First Lane Bank.  

Sales Promotion Techniques used by JETBLUE Research Paper

Sales Promotion Techniques used by JETBLUE - Research Paper Example JetBlue not only offers the service of air travel at cheap rates but it also tries to set itself apart from its competitors by offering a product that is superior than the rest at prices people can afford. With the objective of providing superior in-flight experience the airline was the first to offer all the passengers with a personalized service. Each seat had its own flat-screen monitor installed at the back and it allowed passengers to tune into many of DirecTV channels at the same cost. Due to its focus on providing the best service to passengers, the airline became synonymous to customer service. The airline was given a four-star rating by SKYTRAX (The World’s 4-Star Airlines| official SKYTRAX Airline Ranking). In 2007 a violent snowstorm led to a collapse of JetBlue’s and passengers were made to wait for many hours to wait for clearance to take-off. Many of the flights were even cancelled. This hurt JetBlue’s status badly, however, the airline was able to deal with the crisis effectively and rebuild its image among its customers. JetBlue’s success should be credited to its belief of â€Å"flying people† rather than â€Å"flying airplanes†. Low Air-fare & Superior Customer Service: The aviation industry is very competitive and most of the airlines have a lot of trouble in creating brand loyalty among the customers. Passengers usually search for available flights usually on sites such as orbitz.com, travelocity.com and expedia.com. The passengers, most of the times, end up buying a ticket on the flight that provides them with the cheapest fare (Lambrano). Hence airline companies have to come up with travel deals with cheaper rates than their competitors. They also need to reduce their costs and at the same time provide great customer service to passengers in order to attract more and more customers. JetBlue was able to do just that. When David Neeleman founded JetBlue, the idea was to provide passengers with a low-cost airline without compromising on the in-flight experience. When customers travel with JetBlue not only will they be able to reduce their fare costs by as much as 65% but they would also enjoy a great travel experience as JetBlue offers wider seat s, more legroom, and more overhead storage space than any other airline in its class and, with 24 channels of live in-flight television, passengers would not have to miss on any of their shows while travelling (JetBlue Airways, The First 'Mega Start-Up' Unveils Launch Plans 1999). Through these measures JetBlue was able to increase the demand for their service as more and more passengers were attracted to flying with JetBlue. Not only were the low fares an incentive to travel for the customers, but the great in-flight experience provided by the airline offered an added incentive for customers to travel with JetBlue. Hence by lowering its cost the airline was able to offer lower rates for its flight fares as compared to its competitors. Coupled with that, it was embedded in the DNA of the airline to provide a high quality in-flight experience to their passengers better than the rest. As a result JetBlue was able to create some brand loyalty among its customers who kept utilizing JetB lue’s service while travelling because of the very personalized in-flight experience that they received. Eventually these customers would also recommend JetBlue to their friends or colleagues. Hence the role of word of mouth was a big help to increase the airline’s sales. When first-time travellers of JetBlue were asked from where they had heard about the airline more than 70% answered that they had heard about it from a friend (Carton 2001). Customer service plays an important role in improving JetBlue sales. It

Finance Calculation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance Calculation - Research Paper Example This is the factor for the argument and criticism of the Millionaires Factory by the Australian Shareholder's Association. If the market required rate of return is higher than the coupon rate of a bond, the price of the bond goes down. Because there are available bonds in the market, which give more interest than it does. Therefore, investors do not feel interest to invest on the bond, which offers lower interest rate than market's other bond. If the market required rate of return is lower than the coupon rate of a bond, the price of the bond goes up. Because there are available bonds in the market, which give lower interest than it does. So, investors feel interest to invest on the bond, which offers higher interest rate than market's other bond. .. Price of bond at 4% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .04) ^5} .04] + 1000 / (1+.04) ^ 5 = $1177.62 Price of bond at 6% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .06) ^5} .06] + 1000 / (1+.06) ^ 5 = $1084.20 Price of bond at 8% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .08) ^5} .08] + 1000 / (1+.08) ^ 5 = $999.99 Price of bond at 10% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .10) ^5} .10] + 1000 / (1+.10) ^ 5 = $684.66 Price of bond at 12% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .12) ^5} .12] + 1000 / (1+.12) ^ 5 = $598.42 Price of bond at 14% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .14) ^5} .14] + 1000 / (1+.14) ^ 5 = $553.20 Price of bond at 16% market interest = [80{1-1/ (1+ .16) ^5} .16] + 1000 / (1+.16) ^ 5 = $479.47 In while, 1 = 16% 2 = 14% 3 = 12% 4 = 10 % 5 = 08% 6 = 06% 7 = 04% 8 = 02%. Relationship between bond value and market required rates of return If the market required rate of return is higher than the coupon rate of a bond, the price of the bond goes down. Because there are available bonds in the market, which give more interest than it does. Therefore, investors do not feel interest to invest on the bond, which offers lower interest rate than market's other bond. If the market required rate of return is lower than the coupon rate of a bond, the price of the bond goes up. Because there are available bonds in the market, which give lower interest than it does. So, investors feel interest to invest on the bond, which offers higher interest rate than market's other bond. Answer to the question no.6 Part 1 We know, P = (D + p) / 1 + k In while, P = Opening share value D = Dividend p = Closing share value k = .12 g ( growth) = (3.5- 3.24) / 3.24 = 8.02% So, D = 3.5 + 3.5 8.02% = 3.78 So now,

Greek civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek civilization - Assignment Example This quote demystifies knowledge and education (Plato, 31). He argues for discernment and states that only sober individuals and states are capable of making sound decisions and laws; and this cannot be done without the training and knowledge of important virtues such as courage, discernment, temperance among others. Plato gives importance to education. The author of this quote is Antigone when she was defending her brother against the state law (Takemura, 5). This quote means that Antigone was not intimidated by the law of the state. She gives too much significance to the Natural law that she went against the law of the state to bury her brother. The writer of this quote is one member from the Athenian delegation. He was justifying the Athenian authority over the Melians who refused to submit to the Athenians’ authority (Greene, 164). This quote implies that the Athenians were so autocratic and powerful that they believed since they knew their gods, their actions to rule over the Mediterranean Sea were justified because they derive the laws from the gods. According Engel (91), this quote is said by Plato who was having a conversation with Meletus, his friend. It implies that Plato, who is Athenian, did not believe in any god. However, he denies it in the quote and claims that he believes in a god. The author of this quote is Thucydides who was a historian of ancient Greece. He was analyzing the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (Allen). His quote implies that his work was lengthy and the best that he could write not just like a mere essay but had meaning. He did not write it to be appreciated but his writing would be used in a literary manner. Athenians said this quote during the time of Peloponnesian War (Doyle, 61). This quote displays their confidence and power and the fact that they have dominated the Mediterranean Sea for long. It shows that Athenians were very proud to give in their power and

Mass Media Areas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mass Media Areas - Essay Example It also helps me build and improve my interpersonal skills in regards to communication. Announcers’ roles encompass different activities both in and outside the media houses such as conducting interviews, presenting music and news. They also act as commentators in sports such as football. They conduct major activities like parties and weddings as masters of ceremony in addition to working in clubs as disc jockeys (Dominick). For one to qualify as an announcer, he or she ought to attain relevant education credentials. It is necessary to have a bachelor’s degree in communication, journalism or broadcasting. One should also take up courses in voice and diction in order to improve their vocal qualities. These programs are essential because they help one to work well relevant computer software and hardware used in studios (Dominick). What attracts me to this job is because it helps me incorporate my skills and hobbies in a professional manner as I find the opportunity to interact with different people with the profession through interviews (Dominick). These individuals include comedians, professional businesspersons, and sportspersons. I think the interpersonal skills that make me qualify for the job in addition to academic requirement. These skills include the ability to talk to people appropriately and with understandable brevity thus encouraging them to talk. As a result, this will facilitate the announcers’ work such as conducting interviews.  

Greek civilization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greek civilization - Assignment Example This quote demystifies knowledge and education (Plato, 31). He argues for discernment and states that only sober individuals and states are capable of making sound decisions and laws; and this cannot be done without the training and knowledge of important virtues such as courage, discernment, temperance among others. Plato gives importance to education. The author of this quote is Antigone when she was defending her brother against the state law (Takemura, 5). This quote means that Antigone was not intimidated by the law of the state. She gives too much significance to the Natural law that she went against the law of the state to bury her brother. The writer of this quote is one member from the Athenian delegation. He was justifying the Athenian authority over the Melians who refused to submit to the Athenians’ authority (Greene, 164). This quote implies that the Athenians were so autocratic and powerful that they believed since they knew their gods, their actions to rule over the Mediterranean Sea were justified because they derive the laws from the gods. According Engel (91), this quote is said by Plato who was having a conversation with Meletus, his friend. It implies that Plato, who is Athenian, did not believe in any god. However, he denies it in the quote and claims that he believes in a god. The author of this quote is Thucydides who was a historian of ancient Greece. He was analyzing the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (Allen). His quote implies that his work was lengthy and the best that he could write not just like a mere essay but had meaning. He did not write it to be appreciated but his writing would be used in a literary manner. Athenians said this quote during the time of Peloponnesian War (Doyle, 61). This quote displays their confidence and power and the fact that they have dominated the Mediterranean Sea for long. It shows that Athenians were very proud to give in their power and

Student Notebook 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Student Notebook 1 - Essay Example Initially it was affiliated to the Boulevard Baptist Church who also funded the first owned premises and building for the church. The church took its present name in 1967. During the first half of the 1970s the church faced financial problems and there were even discussions of closing the church. But a pastor named John Vaughn agreed to build up membership again. He was able to increase its membership from forty five to above hundred with a period of three years. He also became the chief pastor of the church. Soon, it became impossible to accommodate all the members and some of them had to stand outside when attending mass and other functions. In 1978, a tragedy in the Vaughn family in the form a fire turned blessing for the church. The burns received by the couple’s daughter and the tremendous resilience shown by the family soon created a lot of public attention and sympathy. Membership increased to more than nine hundred within two years. In 1994 the congregation bought a tw o acre tract of land and built a larger church that is now seen today. The church now has approximately 1200 members. This paper answers six questions related to different areas faith, belief and administration and are answered one by one below. It is interesting to note that the US Constitution has rightly allowed religion to be free in the country. It means that no religious institution needs to be incorporated (or have a constitution) as a legal entity under statute. Those who exercise the option can do so voluntarily even though this option has certain legal implication that has both advantages and disadvantages. This clause was included in the First Amendment of the US Constitution when Thomas Jefferson was president of the country and was based upon a sentence he wrote. The clause is referred to as the wall of separation. The first part of this beautifully worded sentence is given here to show the respect

Organic Light Emitting Diode Essay Example for Free

Organic Light Emitting Diode Essay Abstract: Organic Light Emitting Diode is a scalable nano level emerging technology in Flat Panel Displays and as a White Light Source with efficient features. This paper focuses on OLED structure, principle aspects, fabrication methodology and different techniques to replace current white light sources like Incandescent bulbs, Fluorescent tubes, and even display techniques like Liquid Crystal Displays, Plasma technologies. OLEDs can be fabricated using Polymers or by small molecules. OLED matrix displays offer high contrast, wide viewing angle and a broad temperature range at low power consumption. These are Cheaper, Sharper, Thinner, and Flexible. An OLED is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compounds which emit light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor material is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. There are two main families of OLED s: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a Light-emitting Electrochemical Cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLED s (AMOLED) require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes. An OLED display works without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, whether the LCD uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps or the more recently developed LED backlight. Due to its low thermal conductivity, an OLED typically emits less light per area than an inorganic LED. OLEDs are used in television screens, computer monitors, small, portable system screens such as mobile phones and PDA s, watches, advertising, information, and indication. OLEDs are also used in large-area light-emitting elements for general illumination. OLED s have a potential of being white-light sources that are †¢Bright, power-efficient and long lived, by emitting pleasing white light †¢Ultra-thin, lightweight, rugged, and conformable †¢Inexpensive, portable Introduction: OLEDs are energy conversion devices (electricity-to-light) based on Electroluminescence. Electro-luminescence is light emission from a solid through which an electric current is passed. OLEDs are more energy-efficient than incandescent lamps. The luminous efficiency of light bulbs is about 13 20 lm/W but the latest experimental green emitting OLEDs already have luminous efficiency of 76 lm/W, though at low luminance. The development is on track for OLEDs to effectively compete even with fluorescent lamps, which have the luminous efficiency of 50 100 lm/W. One big advantage of OLEDs is the ability to tune the light emission to any desired color, and any shade of color or intensity, including white. Achieving the high Color Rendition Index (CRI) near 100 (the ability to simulate the most pleasing white color, sunlight), is already within the reach of OLEDs. Another advantage of OLEDs is that they are current-driven devices; where brightness can be varied over a very wide dynamic range and they operate CRT is still continuing as top technology in displays to produce economically best displays. The first best look of it is its Cost. But the main problems with it are its bulkiness, Difficulties in Extending to Large area displays as per construction. Even though Liquid Crystal Displays have solved one of problem i.e. size, but it is not economical. So in this present scenario the need for a new technology with both these features combined leaded to invention of OLED.OLED which is a thin, flexible, Bright LED with self luminance which can be used as a display device. The main drawback of LCD display is its Less viewing angle and highly temperature depending which moves us towards a new technology. Thus OLED promises for faithful replacement of current technology with added flavors like Less Power Consumption and Self Luminance .Both Active matrix TFT’s and Passive matrix Technologies are used for display and addressing purposes for high speed display of moving pictures and faster response. Already some of the companies released Cell Phones and PDA’s with bright OLED technology for color full displays. One of the new lighting technology which emerged within the past two decades and has the potential of becoming more energy-efficient then the existing light sources is the Solid State Lighting technology of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The available data about OLEDs and technical projections indicate that the amount of energy needed to generate the same amount of light can be eventually reduced by up to 50%.If the consumption of electric energy used for lighting is reduced by the desired 50%; the savings to the society would amount to approximately $25B per year (1). In addition to the savings, less consumed energy would amount to less produced energy and, consequently, less pollution of water and air. According to the latest estimates, the use of electricity may be reduced by 50% by the year 2020, sparing the atmosphere some 45 million tons of carbon emissions annually. The potential savings also depends on how quickly and to what extend these developments occur (2). This study also indicates that it is primarily the price breakthrough that will facilitate the market penetration of the new sources of light. In other words, even though the technological advances may lead to significant reduction of energy, the market will not accept SSL unless the cost is reduced as well. If SSL achieves a price breakthrough, far more energy will be saved. Today, incandescent light bulbs dominate the residential and light industrial lighting market where the initial cost and aesthetics are the key drivers. Fluorescent lamps are used in the commercial sector where the combined cost of the lighting fixtures and the consumed energy is the principal driver. OLEDs are unconventional, large area thin film, nearly two-dimensional devices. They are distributed (diffused) light sources, distinctly different from point sources such as light bulbs. Also, OLEDs will operate at very low voltages, of the order of 3 5 V. Therefore, the introduction of OLEDs as sources of light for general lighting applications will cause a major paradigm shift in the lighting industry. Not only a new lighting infrastructure will be required, but also many new jobs will be created. While significant research is still needed, OLEDs will soon achieve the efficiency to compete directly with incandescent sources (light bulbs). Experimental OLEDs are already more energy-efficient than incandescent lamps The luminous efficiency of light bulbs is about 13 -20 lm/W but the latest experimental green emitting OLEDs already have luminous efficiency of 76 lm/W, albeit at low luminance. The development is on track for OLEDs to effectively compete even with fluorescent lamps, which have the luminous efficiency of 50 100 lm/W. One big advantage of OLEDs is the ability to tune the light emission to any desired color, and any shade of color or intensity, including white .Achieving the high color rendition index (CRI) near 100 (the ability to simulate the most pleasing white color, sunlight), is already within the reach of OLEDs. Another advantage of OLEDs is that they are current-driven devices, where brightness can be varied over a very wide dynamic range and they operate uniformly, without flicker. All this has created a great deal of optimism that OLEDs will be accepted and welcome by the general public as long as they are inexpensive. Yet another advantage of OLEDs is that they could be deposited on any substrate: glass, ceramics, metal, thin plastic sheets, fabrics, flexible and conformable substrates, etc., and therefore, could be fabricated in any shape and design. This will open new architectural and design possibilities. Freedom to produce sources of any shape or color will create radically new illumination culture. In a nutshell, OLEDs have a potential of being large area, white-light sources that are * Bright, power-efficient and long lived, emitting pleasing white light * Ultra-thin, light weight, rugged, and conformable * Inexpensive This qualitative comparison is based on the assumption that the development of OLEDs will be successful. Monumental challenges, however, still exist to reach the goal. Over the next 5 years, the lighting market will grow to about $40B/y. Based on the novel features; OLEDs may soon capture 10% of that market. As the efficiency and cost approach the targets fluorescent lamps, 50% of the market may be captured in 10-12 years. 1.4 White Light from OLEDs OLEDs are uniquely suitable as sources of white light. The structure of light emitting Fluorescence or phosphorescence additives can be tailored to emit any desired color (see section 5.1). Mixing light from two or more sources (dopants or layers) gives light whose color is determined by the weighted average of the CIE coordinates of these sources. Given the enormous variety of known and yet-to-be synthesized dopants, both fluorescent and phosphorescent, with broad emission spectra of choice, practically any shade of white or any temperature of white light can be generated in OLEDs. Many devices have already been made in the laboratory scale and tested and some of them almost perfectly simulate the sunlight. The methods of generating white light are described in Sections 5.1.4. And 5.1.5. 2. OLED Components Like an LED, an OLED is a solid-state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair. OLEDs can have either two layers or three layers of organic material; in the latter design, the third layer helps transport electrons from the cathode to the emissive layer. In this article, well be focusing on the two-layer design. An OLED consists of the following parts: Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) The substrate supports the OLED. Anode (transparent) The anode removes electrons (adds electron holes) when a current flows through the device. Organic layers These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers. Conducting layer This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport holes from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline. Emissive layer This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene. Cathode- (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device. The biggest part of manufacturing OLEDs is applying the organic layers to the substrate. This can be done in three ways: †¢ Vacuum deposition or vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) In a vacuum chamber, the organic molecules are gently heated (evaporated) and allowed to condense as thin films onto cooled substrates. This process is expensive and inefficient. †¢ Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD) In a low-pressure, hot-walled reactor chamber, a carrier gas transports evaporated organic molecules onto cooled substrates, where they condense into thin films. Using a carrier gas increases the efficiency and reduces the cost of making OLEDs. †¢ Inkjet printing With inkjet technology, OLEDs are sprayed onto substrates just like inks are sprayed onto paper during printing. Inkjet technology greatly reduces the cost of OLED manufacturing and allows OLEDs to be printed onto very large films for large displays like 80-inch TV screens or electronic billboards. 3. Working Principle of Oled OLEDs emit light in a similar manner to LEDs, through a process called electro phosphorescence. The process is as follows: 1. The battery or power supply of the device containing the OLED applies a voltage across the OLED. 2. An electrical current flows from the cathode to the anode through the organic layers (an electrical current is a flow of electrons). The cathode gives electrons to the emissive layer of organic molecules. The anode removes electrons from the conductive layer of organic molecules. (This is the equivalent to giving electron holes to the conductive layer.) 3. At the boundary between the emissive and the conductive layers, electrons find electron holes. When an electron finds an electron hole, the electron fills the hole (it falls into an energy level of the atom thats missing an electron). When this happens, the electron gives up energy in the form of a photon of light (see How Light Works). 4. The OLED emits light. 5. The color of the light depends on the type of organic molecule in the emissive layer. Manufacturers place several types of organic films on the same OLED to make color displays. The intensity or brightness of the light depends on the amount of electrical current applied: the more current, the brighter the light. [pic] Schematic of a bilayer OLED: 1. Cathode (−), 2. Emissive Layer, 3. Emission of radiation, 4. Conductive Layer, 5. Anode (+) A typical OLED is composed of a layer of organic materials situated between two electrodes, the anode and cathode, all deposited on a substrate. The organic molecules are electrically conductive as a result of delocalization of pi electrons caused by conjugation over all or part of the molecule. These materials have conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, and therefore are considered organic semiconductors. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) of organic semiconductors are analogous to the valence and conduction bands of inorganic semiconductors. Originally, the most basic polymer OLEDs consisted of a single organic layer. One example was the first light-emitting device synthesized by J. H. Burroughs et al., which involved a single layer of poly (p-phenylene vinylene). However multilayer OLEDs can be fabricated with two or more layers in order to improve device efficiency. As well as conductive properties, different materials may be chosen to aid charge injection at electrodes by providing a more gradual electronic profile, or block a charge from reaching the opposite electrode and being wasted. Many modern OLEDs incorporate a simple bilayer structure, consisting of a conductive layer and an emissive layer. More recent developments in OLED architecture improves quantum efficiency (up to 19%) by using a graded heterojunction. In the graded heterojunction architecture, the composition of hole and electron-transport materials varies continuously within the emissive layer with a dopant emitter. The graded heterojunction architecture combines the benefits of both conventional architectures by improving charge injection while simultaneously balancing charge transport within the emissive region. During operation, a voltage is applied across the OLED such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. A current of electrons flows through the device from cathode to anode, as electrons are injected into the LUMO of the organic layer at the cathode and withdrawn from the HOMO at the anode. This latter process may also be described as the injection of electron holes into the HOMO. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards each other and they recombine forming an exciton, a bound state of the electron and hole. This happens closer to the emissive layer, because in organic semiconductors holes are generally more mobile than electrons. The decay of this excited state results in a relaxation of the energy levels of the electron, accompanied by emission of radiation whose frequency is in the visible region. The frequency of this radiation depends on the band gap of the material, in this case the difference in energy between the HOMO and LUMO. OLEDs are solid-state devices composed of thin films of organic molecules that create light with the application of electricity. OLEDs can provide brighter, crisper displays on electronic devices and use less power than conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or liquid crystal displays (LCDs) used today. 4. Types of OLEDs: Passive and Active Matrix There are several types of OLEDs: †¢ Passive-matrix OLED †¢ Active-matrix OLED †¢ Transparent OLED †¢ Top-emitting OLED †¢ Foldable OLED †¢ White OLED Each type has different uses. In the following sections, well discuss each type of OLED. Lets start with passive-matrix and active-matrix OLEDs. 1. Passive-matrix OLED \ (PMOLED) PMOLEDs has strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of anode. The anode strips are arranged perpendicular to the cathode strips. The intersections of the cathode and anode make up the pixels where light is emitted. External circuitry applies current to selected strips of anode and cathode, determining which pixels get turned on and which pixels remain off. Again, the brightness of each pixel is proportional to the amount of applied current. PMOLEDs are easy to make, but they consume more power than other types of OLED, mainly due to the power needed for the external circuitry. PMOLEDs are most efficient for text and icons and are best suited for small screens (2- to 3-inch diagonal) such as those you find in cell phones, PDAs and MP3 players. Even with the external circuitry, passive-matrix OLEDs consume less battery power than the LCDs that currently power these devices. 2. Active-matrix OLED (AMOLED) AMOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix. The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned on to form an image. AMOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires less power than external circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays. AMOLEDs also have faster refresh rates suitable for video. The best uses for AMOLEDs are computer monitors, large-screen TVs and electronic signs or billboards. 3. Transparent OLED Transparent OLEDs have only transparent components (substrate, cathode and anode) and, when turned off, are up to 85 percent as transparent as their substrate. When a transparent OLED display is turned on, it allows light to pass in both directions. A transparent OLED display can be either active- or passive-matrix. This technology can be used for heads-up displays. 4. Top-emitting OLED Top-emitting OLEDs have a substrate that is either opaque or reflective. They are best suited to active-matrix design. Manufacturers may use top-emitting OLED displays. 5. Foldable OLED Foldable OLEDs have substrates made of very flexible metallic foils or plastics. Foldable OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage, a major cause for return or repair. Potentially, foldable OLED displays can be attached to fabrics to create smart clothing, such as outdoor survival clothing with an integrated computer chip, cell phone, GPS receiver and OLED display sewn into it. 6.White OLED White OLEDs emit white light that is brighter, more uniform and more energy efficient than that emitted by fluorescent lights. White OLEDs also have the true-color qualities of incandescent lighting. Because OLEDs can be made in large sheets, they can replace fluorescent lights that are currently used in homes and buildings. Their use could potentially reduce energy costs for lighting. Reference: http://impnerd.com/the-history-and-future-of-oled http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode http://www.oled-research.com/oleds/oleds-history.html http://www.voidspace.org.uk/technology/top_ten_phone_techs.shtml#keep-your-eye-on-flexible-displays-coming-soon http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/news.phtml/23150/24174/samsung-say-oled-not-ready.phtml http://www.cepro.com/article/study_future_bright_for_oled_lighting_market/

The Human Service Movement Social Work Essay

The Human Service Movement Social Work Essay After the World War II, there was an important part of the legislative which is the National Mental Act of 1946. For more than 50 years, since its establishment was authorized by Congress in 1946, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has created, shaped, and implemented the attitudes toward, policies for, and treatment response to the mentally ill in the United States (Judd, 1998). They had the funds that were available to support research teachings and education to help the people with mental illnesses. In 1955, the Mental Health Study Act was passed. This act called for studies that focus on major issues in the mental health fields. They had promoted research training in discovery in the brain and behavioral sciences, charting mental illness trajectories to determine when, where, and how to intervene, and develop new and better interventions that  incorporate  the diverse needs and circumstances of people with mental illnesses (National Institute of Mental Health, 201 2). This led to the Mental Health Act of 1955 to initiate the passage of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 26). From this act it unfolded to political steps towards the Community Mental Health Centers of 1963. In 1963, decision led to the passage of the Community Mental Health Centers. The center was a place to encourage active user participation in the development of mental health policy that has seen an increased focus on collaboration and the development of partnerships between service users and professionals within community mental health services (Elstad Hellzen, 2010). They gain more knowledge about people with mental problems living in a community. The purpose of the legislation was to be able to reach out, counsel, and provide services that are coordinate to be offer to the community centers (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 26). Community Mental Health Centers Acts were intended for changing the society as a whole and by solving what social problems there were. After the Community Mental Health Centers Act we got into the other legislative acts that were developed in the field of human service such as the Economic Opportunity Act and the Schneurer Sub-professional Career Act. The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 was the focus of the fight against war on poverty in which was an important part of legislation that had an impact in the field of human services. The purpose for this act was to provide education to adults, provide job trainings and loans  to help small businesses because of the unemployment and poverty rate. The objective was to help the poor by enabling them to pull themselves from the grip of poverty. In 1966, the Schneuer Sub-professional Career Act was put into place to provide the opportunity for the disadvantage to enter into new jobs in the mental health field. According to Harris, Maloney and Rother, during these formal training students learned the skills necessary to work with variety of clients and other health professionals (pg. 26). This led to the act to open up more doors for people to transition to other fields in mental health. The National Organization for Human Service Education (NOHSE) and Council for Standards in Human Service Education (CSHSE) were to encourage best practices for preparing human service workers. Although these two groups share common goals, they do serve different purposes. NOHSE has to ensure medium is available for collaboration and cooperation among students, practitioners, and their agencies, and faculty (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 31). They had to improve the education of human service students and professionals by cultivating exemplary teaching and research practices and by curriculum development (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 31). The other two main purposes according to Harris, Maloney and Rother, was by abetting and providing assistance to other organizations at local, state, and national levels, and to improve human service education and delivery through conferences, institutes, publications and symposia (pg. 31). This organization was developed to serve the needs of the f aculty. The Council for Standards in Human Service Education in 1979 via from the National Institute for Mental Health grants (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 31). They are intentionally general to strike a balance between clearly stated principles and enough flexibility to avoid constraining natural diversity among programs for students (CSHSE, 2012). Under the CSHSE there are the five functions (Harris, Maloney, Rother, pg. 32): Standard for training programs at the associates and baccalaureate degree levels. Review and recognize programs that meet standards. Sponsoring faculty development workshops in curriculum design, program policymaking, resource development, program evaluation, and other areas. Offering vital and informational assistance to programs seeking to improve the quality and relevance of their training. Publishing a quarterly bulletin to keep programs informed of Council activities, training information and resources, and issues and trends in human service education. In the field of human services, these legislations will continue to improve from its historical traditions through the knowledge, skills and values we gain from it. The efforts of these acts in the human service field will only provide quality educational programs that will evolved as a direct result of the program approval progresses. We need human service professionals who will be able to give people that kind of help that are needed to get by. Laws that will help protect the people with mental illnesses.

The United States and the Era of Imperialism Essay -- American History

The United States and the Era of Imperialism Never interfere with Europe was the cry of the founding fathers. Our very first president, George Washington warned us not to get involved with foreign powers. The spirit at the time of our nation’s birth was isolationism. The infant United States of America could not afford to get it’s hand caught in the cookie jar of world affairs. As children grow they get stronger, and the growth of the United States was no different. By the end of the Civil War the United States had muscles to flex. At the time the world was enthralled in the Age of Imperialism, in which a nation’s power was derived from it’s overseas holdings. The United States, who had just proved that it could beat itself up, was not going to be excluded from imperialistic contest the world arena provided. So, the United States was ushered into the Era of Imperialism. There are several reasons why the United States sought to found an empire. For theses reasons, American began it’s divine quest. Foremost were the economic prospects of empire. There were several commercial and business interests involved with the American imperialist movement. Overproduction in America caused economic depressions. In order to curve these slumps, America needed new markets. Also, as American business increased there was an ever-growing demand for raw materials. America glanced heavily at the potential of the Far East, especially China, and it’s southern neighbor Latin America as a new market, and a source of raw materials. These are the economic factors that contributed to the rise of American imperialism. For military and strategic reasons America needed to forge and empire. In 1890 Thomas Mahan published Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660 - 1783. In his book Mahan pointed out that Great Britain’s phenomenal growth as the world power was because of it’s unsurpassed naval power. America saw that in order to become a world power, it needed to expand it’s own navy. In order to maintain this new navy, America would also need to increase the number of harbors, refueling and repair stations, and trade ships around the globe. America also came to realize that the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans needed to be connected closer to home. This raised the demand for an isthmian canal. These are the military and strategic exponents that sparked America to... ...rican interests abroad. Taft would use â€Å"dollar diplomacy†, and the Roosevelt Corollary in Nicaragua and other Latin American countries to further protect American business investments. The U.S. got a late start in the race for trading rights with China, and with the U.S. now in the Philippines, the race became economically crucial for America. By this time, Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and Japan claimed exclusive trading rights with China within their sphere of influence. Some, like Japan, even claimed parts of China as their own. In order to level out the playing field Secretary of State John Hay sent diplomatic dispatches to these nations, urging an Open Door Policy, in which there would be equal trading rights with China. All the dispatches came back to Hay with their corresponding nations endorsing the proposal. However, before the policy was enacted, the Chinese tried to expel the â€Å"foreign devils† from their homeland in what was to be called the Boxer Rebellion. This nationalist rebellion was put down by an international police force including 2,500 U.S. troops. These actions of intervention in Latin America and China were part of American imperialism.

The History of the Corset Essay -- History Women Feminism

Throughout history, a person’s economic and social rank could be shown through what clothes they wore. In ancient Egypt, a person of upper class was permitted by law to wear sandals on the harsh, desert floor. Because of these laws, female-confining ideals arose. For example, the Greeks and Romans controlled the type, color, and number of undergarments worn by women and the kind of fabric dà ©cor used on them. The torso became the sculpting block of feminine beauty. This was the beginning of the corset, a restraining, essential item in the women’s attire through the 19th century. During the Renaissance period, the corset resembled a cone, as it was small at the waist and uplifting at the bosom. It extended from the underarm to just below the waist. The typical female’s corset was made stiff with metal or wood. Again, a woman of higher economical or social standing would have one made special with whalebone. During this time and through the Romantic period, a woman was put to shame if she was found absent of a corset or her waist size was not small enough. At that period in time, a 15 to 18 inch waist was acceptable. Anything exceeding those measurements was thought to be absurd. Thusly, restricting corsets were the norm and often resulted in physical deformities. For example, rib cages were often cracked or grew warped due to constricting corsets. The corset was found rigid and compressing in the 1700s. Early 1800s brought some enlightening change: Mantua dresses were m...

Dust Mite Resurch Paper

Dust Mite I am the common North American Dust Mite. I live almost in every house in the world. Most people do not even know that I am living all over there home because I cannot be seen with the naked eye. I love to live in houses that have lots of dust because I thrive in these kinds of conditions. I mostly eat dead skin flakes that fall from humans liven in the house. I am generally two hundred and fifty to three hundred microns in length. That is really small that no one can see me without using a strong microscope. I have eight hairy legs that I use to travel in the house to find dead skin flakes to eat. When I eat dead skin flakes I generally leave waste droppings which have a protein that many people are allergic to. When people go to doctors whey they are sick and the doctor tells them that they are allergic to dust. The doctors just don’t want to tell the patients that they are allergic to my droppings. I mostly spend my time inside a mattress because that is where most of the dead skin flakes are. They are mostly there because people spend a lot of time lying on the mattress sleeping where they just fall off. The scientists have decided to give me my own scientific name. My own scientific name is Dermatophagoides farinae. When I start my day the first thing I do is go around the house to try to find dead skin flakes lying around the carpet or inside the mattress. Most people don’t know that they are sleeping on top of millions of little tiny dust mites. When the female lays eggs, the little baby dust mites are first a larva. Once they have grown up more then they look like regular mites with there strong shells. After that I have found the skin flakes I start to eat them. Hundreds of my friends come with me to find and eat skin because we are all hungry to eat. We dust mites never leave alone we always go to find the dust and skin flakes in big groups because it is always to go in groups because we feel safer when we are in groups. Most people don’t know that a used mattress contains an estimated one hundred thousand to ten million dust mites inside. One thing that most people find that is real nasty is that ten percent of the weight of a two year old pillow is accumulated by dead dust mites and their droppings. We dust mites are every where we can find dust which are full of dead skin flakes. Many people are disgusted after they learn how many dust mites are inside your bed or in your house in general. We dust mites have a really busy life. We dust mites look pretty gruesome. A dust mite has eight hairy legs, no antennae, a mouth part group in front of the body and a rough translucent shell. If you put all those characteristics together you got a fearsome appearance. We might be microscopic but we have many characteristics. If we were bigger many people would be terrified of how gruesome we look. People are not scared of us dust mites because we cannot be seen by them. [pic] North American House Dust Mite †¢ Scientific name – Dermatophagoides farinae †¢ Between 250 to 300 microns in length †¢ In a used mattress between 100,000 to 10,000,000 mites Works cited †¢ http://www. ehso. com/ehshome/dustmites. php †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/House_dust_mite

Indigenous knowledge Essay

The project is the instrument for supporting, collecting and storing indigenous knowledge provided by the diverse community population. As long as the project is aimed at creating neighbourhood portals to store oral, pictorial and other creations of community members (Vancouver Community Network, 2001), the use of this tool will lead to effective sharing and transferring the indigenous knowledge among different community members. Funding issues Funding remains one of the most problematic areas in any non-profit community-based project. (Baum, HS 2001, p. 21) As a result, the current project does not provide the readers with sufficient financial information. It is understandable, that Vancouver Community Network is a stable developing organisation with financial issues professionally addressed (brief information is provided on the system of organization’s revenues, membership fees and similar financial data). (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) It is yet unclear, what the exact resources of project financing would be and how they would comply with the community project requirements. Organizational challenges and dilemmas The major challenge faced by project organisers is in dealing with diverse community populations. Diversity has traditionally been admitted as a serious barrier to the development of technological tools. (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) Though project initiators recognise diversity as one of the organizational issues, there is still vast area of research to be conducted, whether the project will lead to equal access and outcomes for all layers of community population. Traditional and non-traditional project approaches The traditional striving towards provision of the vulnerable communities with the opportunities to learn and interact has been supplemented by the new idea of using Internet to enhance community resources. (Vancouver Community Network, 2001) It has become an essential aspect of the project development. This is why the project is expected to be successful in promoting community interactions, indigenous knowledge transfers, discussions of the local issues and learning opportunities on the equity bases. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the project contains several ‘weak’ aspects to be re-considered, its initial idea will prove to be a success in case the discussed problematic areas are properly addressed. Otherwise, the existing social issues and related problems may become a serious organisational obstacle on the way of project development and implementation. Bibliography Atherton, JS 2005, Learning and teaching: Reflection and reflective practices. Retrieved September 30, 2007 from http://www. learningandteaching. info/learning/reflecti. htm Baum, HS 2001, ‘How should we evaluate community initiatives?’, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 67, pp. 19-22 Day, P & Schuler, D 2004, Community practice in the network society: Local action, global interaction, Routledge, London. Messinger, L 2004, ‘Comprehensive community initiatives’, Social Work, vol. 94, pp. 39-41 Vancouver Community Network 2001, Vancouver Community Learning Network. Retrieved September 30, 2007 from http://www2. vcn. bc. ca/ Wack, P 2006, ‘Planning for sustainability: Creating livable, equitable, and ecological communities’, Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 72, pp. 123-131 .

Economics of Sports Projects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics of Sports Projects - Assignment Example streak since probability if making a hit after three misses is 83.3% which is higher than the probability of making a hit after three hits with a probability of 50%. The calculated correlation coefficient is negative. This therefore does not show evidence of the hot hand. Given a player has made one or two hits; their opponents will usually try to improve their defensive mechanism on the particular player and therefore take away the players successive shooting streaks. Defensive strategies can be the probable cause for the negative correlation between successive hits. The evidence suggests existence of hot hand. The Z statistic reported above test the significance of the variation between the expected and the observed number of runs. There is always a significant difference between the expected value and observed value for individual players. Run tests performed on each player within individual games reveal compelling results. Considering the 76ers and their opponents, data obtained of 727 basketball players show game records of more than two runs. When the observed number of runs and expected number of runs are compared there is no sufficient evidence to provide any basis for rejecting the hot hand hypothesis. Clearly 13.55% calculated is less than 13.6% tabulated therefore we accept the null

Engaging with professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engaging with professional Practice - Essay Example Learners get to acknowledge technical necessities and cultural atmospheres prevailing in a given industry. Such cultural aspects include professional language use, interpersonal relationship patterns and management structures adopted within a given sector. In this case, one learns about integration of theoretical knowledge in actual productive activities. In addition, interests developed enhance stimulation in academic progress. According to Raelin (2008), work based learning provides a mechanism through which students evaluated relevance of their courses in practical economic environments. This essay features on a work based learning program undertaken within the design industry. In the recent past, design industry features as one sector in production with a developed profile and defined roles in facilitating macro economic growth within any nation. In the United Kingdom, design industry plays a supplementary but essential role in ensuring success of other business organizations in the region. According to Cooper and Press (2012), the general services offered by designers revolve around the desire to create conventional and appealing representation of a particular object or message to target audience. Design may include graphical representation of industrial processes, final products or messages providing an insight on the nature of services offered by a given firm. Comstock (2009) say that designers usually incorporate all parameters and activities of a given business organization in developing the most appropriate graphical representation of a subject under consideration. In this context, one can appreciate the fact that designers strive to achieve a substantial degree of aesthetic value and a sense of functionality in their final products. Within the UK market, there are numerous designing sectors including web design, fashion design and even industrial process design. The paper narrows down to a sub sector of designing dealing with architectural and physic al infrastructure design. After my second year of studies, I had an opportunity of conducting my work based learning at Capita Architectural organization, a company located in the central business district of London. Capita Architectural Company, commonly abbreviated as CAC, operates within the industry’s sector of building and constructions design. Founded in 1998, the company receives credit from undertaking design projects to successful companies in UK and across other parts of Europe. It works closely with the UK branding infrastructural development sector in ensuring creation of aesthetic and sustainable infrastructure. This organization usually gathers assignments dealing with customized preferences, and development of residential and business buildings across the metropolitan city. Employees working within the firm are local residents of London. The local employee population is meant to ensure that architectural designs and subsequent buildings take into consideration the local trends and the prevailing aesthetic atmospheres. According to Thompson (2012), most design tasks entail substantial utilization of technological tools, especially computer systems and other relevant electronic devices. In this case, employees within the firm are equipped with the requisite academic knowledge credential and design skills meant to facilitate competence and efficiency in their professional duties. In the process

The Context of Blight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Context of Blight - Essay Example In his interview with (Plath), the author revealed his intention to incorporate his experience of the comedy bars, his memories of the stand-up comedians and the daring quality of theater into a poem. But as he was on his way to writing the poem, the anecdotal stories started as formal design originating in something that was more of entertainment than a model of literacy. As the anecdotal characters started to acquire more hold over the poem’s plot, the author had little choice but to convert it into a short story. Blight was meant to be a story irrespective of the author’s plans for it. The characters in the story present a semi-autobiographical story. Had the author originally intended to write it as a story, it would probably have come out of his pen much different than it did otherwise. Therefore, this context is the most important controlling factor in the story of  Blight.  

Failed IT Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Failed IT Project - Research Paper Example IT project teams emphasize on developing software using unsophisticated codes that would facilitate its functionality. Simplicity facilitates the ease of implementation of the project. In addition, monitoring the functionality of the project is far much easier (Smite, Agerfalk & Moe, 1998). Thus, a project that emphasizes on the complexity from the outset will ultimately faces many difficulties in its design and implementation. It was evident that the complexity of the baggage handling system would lead to enormous problems in implementation and design. The system was too complex that the programmers had to develop it in two years. In fact, it was the most complex baggage handling system ever developed. This was because the system would serve a mammoth airport that was twice the size of Manhattan that had more than 20 major airlines. In designing complex systems, it is vital that the complexity of the systems is manageable during the not only during its development but also in its ma intenance. However, the BAE engineers designed a system that had high coupling and had widespread and inconsistent points of failure (Kerzner, 2004). This led to many problems during the testing of the system. In designing complex IT projects, the engineers must ensure that there is modularity in the operations. Modularity makes complexity of the projects manageable. In addition, it facilitates the undertaking of parallel work and accommodates future uncertainties. In projects with modular architecture, substitution of new designs with older ones is relatively cheap. (Liso, 2009). However, in undertaking the automation of the DIA ABS there was not modularity in the activities of the project. Lack of modularity posed serious problems especially after DIA and BAE changed the design of the system to accommodate the requests made by the airline companies. Lack of modularity led to faults that were evident during the testing of the system in the media's presence. Telecars crushed into each other and flung the baggage spewing out the contents of the baggage (Kock, 2006). In

Education and Transportation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education and Transportation - Research Paper Example On the way to the Middle East, the Ottoman led Turkey’s Empire conquered Qatar and maintained strong control of strategic cities for several centuries. By 1821, this virgin and valuable land attracted the interests of the Britain who invaded its coastal lands and destroyed the Portuguese structures on the claim that it was a haven for piracy (Al-Amoodi and Kasim 145). Since their entry into the country, the British has dominated and transformed leading sectors of the economy. They have also influenced Qatar’s original culture, language, and general economic activities. One of the areas that have heavily been influenced by the British culture is education. Qatar has many schools and learning institutions that cater for local and foreign academic demands. Its education systems are jointly controlled by the Supreme Education Council and the Ministry of Education. However, the bulk of regulation and control of the academic systems are left to the Supreme Education Council. This is regulatory body has tried to make Qatar’s educations system world-class. This has been realized through according learning institutions more authority to independently exercise full control over their academic affairs. Private and international schools are very popular in major cities of the country. Notably, very few locals attend these institutions on the account that they are unaffordable to majority of low and medium income Qataris (Trani and Holsworth 71). The popular and recommended curriculums are American, French, International, and the British Education Syste m. Given that dominance of the Britain in Qatar, its political systems have referred and recommended the British Education System for the local and international interests. The British academic modules and programs have been applied in Qatar. This has impacted on the general academic standards of the country. This is because they have heavily borrowed from the British education

PROBLEMS WITH THE PAROLE AND PROBATION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES Research Paper

PROBLEMS WITH THE PAROLE AND PROBATION SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES - Research Paper Example This specific problem is one which can be attributed to the system with the probation programs because of the inability to meet the needs of those that are adjusting back into society. Problem within Probation Programs The criminal offender conduct is the main concept that is focused on with probation programs. Those who are working with criminals who have just been released from prison are focused on changing mannerisms and ensuring that the prisoner is able to work within society as a citizen. Getting steady employment, staying away from further crime and developing new habits within society are some of the associated concepts that are a part of probation programs. Supervising those individuals and working with counseling programs are also some of the attributes that are a part of probation programs. However, there is a noticeable re-entry crisis that occurs among criminals. The inability to change the focus out of the habits from past crimes and the inability to provide criminals with the ability to move into a completely correctional system are causing many criminals to go through probation periods then move back into the same crimes as in the past (Johnson et al, 2006). The problem with those who are in parole systems is one which is showing a high return rate that is not decreasing with the systems that are in place. In 2006, an average of 35% of all inmates returned to prison during or after the probation period. This was a result of parole violations, as opposed to new crimes that were committed. The state of California held the highest of parole violations, which was inclusive of two-thirds of inmates returning to prison because of the same violations. The problems with probation include the first problem of too many inmates being supervised with too little supervision. In 2006, 4 million offenders were placed into probation. The officers were primarily responsible for the movement back into society with other court orders that were associated with thi s. It was found that the restrictions with probation, such as not being able to find employment because of a criminal record, led to many being forced into breaking the probation rules to try to integrate into society (Lawrence, 2008). The parole systems, while known to assist with the integration back into society, are causing the reverse problem to occur. Those who are within the system and are going through parole are aware that there is difficulty in getting past probation systems and staying in society. There are many who have created the mentality that they will go back into prison during their probation period, adding in a psychological response to the known statistics and rates of those who are going in and out of the justice system. Those who are going back into prison work as an example of the difficulties within the probation and parole system, making the trend arise among those who are a part of the probation system and which are trying to work back into an integrated so ciety. The psychological responses, trends and the large amount of criminals that go back into prison add into the complexity of those who are going through the parole system (Johnson et al, 2006). Theories of Criminal Justice Practice There are several theories that apply to the criminal justice practice and the way in which individuals integrate into society. Historically, those who had committed a crime were only required to serve

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Ziv Siegl founded Starbucks in 1971. Their goal was to sell the finest quality whole beans and ground coffees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In 1982, Starbucks had grown to five stores and started serving coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. Harold Schultz was employed as the director of retail operations and marketing. Harold Schultz convinced the founders of Starbucks to open a downtown Seattle coffee bar, which opened in 1984. With the success of Seattle coffee bar, Schultz left Starbucks to start his own company named Il Giornale. In 1987, Il Giornale acquired Starbucks retail operations for 4 million dollars. In addition, Il Giornale changed its name to Starbucks Corporation and open locations in Chicago and Vancouver, B. C. (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). Starbucks continued its expansion throughout the late 1980 and beyond. In 1991, Starbucks became the first privately owned U. S. Corporation to offer stock options to part time employees (Starbucks timeline and history, 2004). In the early 1990s Starbucks started setting up coffee shops in Nordstrom?  ¦s department stores, Barnes Noble bookstores and ITT/Sheraton hotels. In 1995, the corporation began selling compact discs and formed an alliance with the Canadian bookstore, Chapters Inc. In 2000, Schultz promoted Orin Smith to the position of CEO. Schultz remained chairman for the corporation. This allowed Schultz to focus on Starbucks?  ¦ global strategy. Starbucks operates and licenses more the 7,500 coffee shops in more than 30 countries. Coffee Industry In the United States, coffee is the second largest import (Roosevelt, 2004). Furthermore, the United States, consumes one-fifth of all the worlds?  ¦ coffee (Global Exchange, 2004). The present industry is expanding. It is estimated that North America? ¦s sector will reach saturation levels within 5 year (Datamonitor. n. d. ). According to National Coffee Association (NCA), 8 out of 10 Americans consume coffee. In addition, it is estimated that half of the American population drinks coffee daily. The international market remains highly competitive. It is estimated that 3,300 cups of coffee are consumed every second of the day worldwide (Ecomall, n. d. ). The latest trends included dual drinkers, an increase in senior citizens consumption and a shift in consumption away from home. There has been a significant increase in the consumption of dual drinkers (NCA, 2004). Dual drinkers are people who drink both traditional coffee and gourmet coffee. According to NCA, 54% of America?  ¦s coffee drinkers are dual drinkers. Gourmet coffee is experiencing substantial growth with senior citizens. According to NCA, senior citizens coffee consumption leaped from 9% to 13%. Another trend is coffee consumption is moving outside the home. Coffee consumption away from home increased by 6%. Mission Statement The current mission statement is ?  §Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow. This mission statement fits well with the general direction and the future strategies of Starbucks Corporation. Principles The following principles compliment both Starbucks mission statement and their strategies. Our recommendation is to keep the current mission statement and principles. ?aProvide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. ?aEmbrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. ?aApply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. ?aDevelop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. ?aContribute positively to our communities and our environment ? aRecognize that profitability is essential to our future success. SWOT Analysis StrengthWeakness ?aFinancial Resources ?aGlobal Presence ?aBeverage Innovator ?aReliance on US Domestic Markets ?aReliance on Beverage Innovation ?aInternational Expansion Problems OpportunitiesThreats ?aInternational Operations ?aContinued Growth of Gourmet Coffee Market ?aExpanding ? V Unit Clustering ?aSupply Risk/ Dependence on Trading Companies and Exporters ? aUS Market Reaching Saturation Levels ?aCompetition Internal Strength. A few of Starbucks strengths included strong financial position, name recognition and being creative beverage innovators. Starbucks has reported revenue from January to July 2004 as 409 million dollars, which gives the company a strong financial position. Starbucks has a strong global presence from its many stores and licensees units, which has made Starbucks a household name. Starbucks is known for their creative innovations of beverages. Starbucks is not afraid to experiment and test new drinks in their stores. Some of the beverages introduced are Fappuccino Blended Beverages or Iced Shaken refreshments. Internal Weakness Some of the weakness the corporation faces includes international expansion problems and dependence of the United States markets and beverage innovations. The corporation was forced to close a number of stores. These stores failed to entice potential customers and Starbucks was forced to end a joint venture due to the lack of success. Starbucks has a dependency on beverage innovation and US markets. It is estimated that 85% of the corporation revenues come from the United States (Datamonitor, n. d. ). Starbucks contributes its growth based on beverage innovations (Datamonitor, n. d. ). External Opportunities One opportunity deals with clustering its business units. Starbucks uses clustering to ensure domination in chosen geographical areas. This practice allows Starbucks to bring conveniences to customers and at the same time preventing new business from entering the market. The last two opportunities are profitability of international operations and the expected growth of the specialty coffee market. The profitability of international operations and the expected growth will give the company greater leverage into the world market and will promote new market expansions. External Threats. One major threat is the lack of superior coffee beans. The expansion of Starbucks operations and limited quantity of superior coffee beans may result in a shortage of supply. Other factors, which could affect the coffee beans, are weather, political and economic conditions. Organizations like Fair Trade could change or alter the coffee industry. Another threat to Starbucks is the dependence on trading companies and exporters for their supply of superior coffee beans. Although Starbucks has limited the risk by paying above average prices for the superior coffee beans, the risk is still there. The last threats are competition and market saturation. The success of the coffee industry will attract more competitors. A competitor with a serious financial backing and resources could compete against Starbucks (Datamonitor, n. d. ). It is estimated that if the current market growth continues saturation levels will be reached in five years (Datamonitor, n. d. ). Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction is defined as the measure or determination that a product or service meets a customers expectations, considering requirements of both quality and service (www. eglin. af. mil/46tw/StrategicPlan/glossary.htm). A customer?  ¦s expectations of product quality, service quality, and price, then a firm will achieve high levels of customer satisfaction. On the other hand, if the customer?  ¦s expectations are not met, the customer will be disappointed and this is likely to lower the satisfaction level. Due to lowered satisfaction, the customer could choose to stop buying from the firm/company. There have been many studies done that have shown that high customer satisfaction increases the likelihood of corporate profitability. It also showed that the costs incorporated with keeping an existing customer are five times that of getting new ones The Starbucks Customer The Starbuck?  ¦s Corporation is the leading retailer in the coffee industry. The market size of the coffee industry in the United States for 2003 is near 18 billion. The company?  ¦s sales have increased 23. 9% in the year 2003. These statistics show how many people in the U. S. are drinking Starbucks coffee. Starbucks attracts a cult-like following, serving 25 million drinks a week at nearly 7,000 locations worldwide. At one time or another, just about everyone has been a customer at a Starbucks retailer. Based on research done on the Internet, we have identified who the typical Starbucks?  ¦ customer is. A typical Starbucks customer is a male or a female, age ranging from 18 to 55. In most cases, the Starbucks?  ¦ customer is a college student, businessperson or someone in their mid to late fifties. A Starbucks customer tends to be very loyal to the company and will not accept substitutes. The usage level of a typical customer is at least three times a week, for some; it is every day. The benefits sought by customers range from enjoyment, relaxation, energy, and reward. Those who are not in a hurry like to sit down for a cup of coffee, listen to the relaxing songs played at the shops, enjoy a conversation with a friend, or just way to be alone and study. Another important characteristic of a typical customer is that most of the customers are financially stable enough to be able to afford to spend at least $2. 50 for a small cup of coffee. A typical Starbucks?  ¦ customer spends and average of $40 to $65 a month for coffee drinks. However, there are many customers who spend well over $65 a month. Improving Customer Satisfaction According to Schultz, ? §our success is based on their continued trust in our people and our environment over long periods of time. Redefining the industry youre playing in doesnt just mean hiring an agency to think up a fancy new slogan. To make it work, you have to offer high-quality new products and services that customers actually want, and that will reinforce the value offered by your core brand and expand the emotional connection your customers feel with it ( www. fastcompany. com from Issue 84 July 2004, Page 50 by:Alison Overholt). To continue the success that Starbucks had over the years, there must be ways to measure the customer? ¦s perceptions of the company. The customers are what make Starbucks what it is today, and to keep them we need to know what they expect from us. Based on research done on starbucks. com, it is evident that Starbucks values their customers. On the main page of the website there is a link to Customer Service; here the customer can ask questions or leave comments. This tool could be much more beneficial to the company if questions and/or comments could be asked by the customer. In the area of questions/comments-there is a drop down list of freqeuntly asked questions/comments, from this list the customer must pick. There could be many times when a customer has a question/comment, but it is not included on this list. The idea of having this link makes the customers feel that their opinions are valued, but there are a few areas that could be improved on that would be much more beneficial to the company. It is important that Starbucks asks for the opinions of their customers, but why only offer this online? Even though we have become such a computer savy world, there are still many people out there that are not computer literate. Many do not have access to computers, or some just do not know how to use them. This does not mean that these people don?  ¦t drink Starbucks coffee. To increase overall customer satisfaction, we should also incorporate a general product/service survey or some type of comment card in the retail stores. Surveys may seem tedious at times, but to help us find out information that could help our company in the long run, it is worth it. Surveys will give us an idea of how we can improve our product and service to satisfy the customer. Typical customer surveys are designed to measure: ?aOverall satisfaction ?aProduct-level satisfaction ?aImportance vs. satisfaction ? Timeliness of delivery ?aCustomer service process satisfaction ?aReturns and exchange process satisfaction ?aInterest in new potential products and services Included is sample survey that could be used to get a general idea of how our customers feel about our products and services. The main goal to achieve customer satisfaction needs to be: to find ways to deliver a great customer experience around your product or service. Customer expectations may be set, the idea is to exceed those expectations that they might already have. The recipe for a great cup of coffee includes four fundamentals, proportion, grind, water and freshness. Using the right proportion of coffee to water is the most important step in making great coffee. The shorter the brewing process, the finer the grind. The amount of time the coffee and water spend together affects the flavor elements that end up in your cup of coffee. Using fresh, cold water heated just off the boil is perfect for extracting the coffee?  ¦s full range of flavors. Use fresh ground coffee by grinding beans each time you brew the freshness is preserved. Starbucks quality is dependent on trading companies and exporters for its supply of green coffee. The company is looking to secure long term supply contracts, and in some cases has had to pay inflated prices in order to obtain such contracts. Starbucks responded to world coffee prices reaching 30-year lows during fiscal 2001 by offering suppliers more money to guarantee supply, and as such the risk of non-delivery on such purchase commitments is low. However, the nature of the business dictates that the company?  ¦s dependency on suppliers does put it at risk. Starbucks quality is at risk to the volatility of the supply and price of coffee. The company?  ¦s search for the superior standard coffee mean in can be adversely affected by multiple factors in the producing countries, including weather, political, and economic conditions. In addition, green coffee prices have been affected in the past, and may be affected in the future, by the actions of organizations and associations that have in the past attempted to influence prices of green coffee through agreements establishing export quotas or restricting global coffee supplies. The actions of these associations could cause a degree of costly disruption to Starbuck?  ¦s operations. Purchasing Guidelines Starbucks has also introduced coffee purchasing guidelines. The goal of these guidelines is to support Starbucks commitment to purchase coffee that has been grown and processed by suppliers who meet environmental, social, economic, and quality standards. Global coffee production can only be sustainable if it is economically viable, socially responsible, and environmentally sensitive at all levels of the supply chain. Over the past few years Starbucks has been working on the sourcing guidelines and they feel that is an important step that will help increase the production of high quality coffee and improve the health of the specialty coffee industry. With these guidelines, Starbucks is taking a leadership role in addressing the environmental and social issues surrounding the global coffee industry. This initiative is part of a long-term partnership between Starbucks and Conservation International to promote methods of coffee production that help to conserve global biodiversity. To launch these guidelines, Starbucks will enlist the support of coffee suppliers who are sustainable advocates. Starbucks has instituted a flexible point system that rewards performance in sustainable categories. Points will be accrued based on a supplier?  ¦s ability to meet sustainability guidelines, and suppliers who earn more points in the program will receive higher purchasing preference when Starbucks purchases green coffee. Starbucks has a long-standing practice of paying premium prices for coffee, and has always paid an average of at least $1. 20 per pound. As part of this practice, Starbucks will provide additional premiums of up to ten cents per pound to vendors based upon how well their coffee samples meet the standards. These financial incentives will help defray the costs incurred by participating suppliers. Suppliers wishing to participate will be required to provide independent, third party verification of their performance against the guidelines. Starbuck?  ¦s hopes that the success of this program demonstrates to the rest of the coffee industry that they can benefit by producing coffee in a way that protects global biodiversity and improves the livelihoods of coffee farmers. The Three Keys to Quality Coffee The three keys to quality coffee are: 1)Quality Green Arabica Coffee The best coffee beans produce the best cup of coffee. 2)Fresh Roasted Great tasting coffee relies on how soon the coffee is brewed, and consumed after roasting. For coffee to be fresh, and best, it must be consumed within five days after roasting, three hours of grinding, and fifteen minutes of brewing. The first sign that coffee is stale is a bitter taste. 3)Proper Brewing ? V Temperature and time, brewing is the extraction of coffee flavor oils from the roasted grounds using water. The best temperature for optimum extraction is water just off the boil (195 degrees to 205 degree Fahrenheit). This temperature will extract the full range of flavors from fresh roasted beans. Time is a function of brewing method and grind size. There are many ways to brew good coffee. Steeping and espresso are the two best methods. Financial Analysis Total net sales for Starbucks Corporation were analyzed for 2001, 2002, and 2003. The company had a total net sales increase of $639. 9M between the years 2001 and 2002. Another net increase of $786. 6M in sales occurred between 2002 and 2003. This is a positive sign because in a growing company, of course, we would expect a consistent increase in sales. A result of the increase in sales in part is due to a recent innovation of drive-throughs being added for the convenience of its many customers. Net income increased substantially to 215. 1M in 2002. This was due to the boom in sales and good control of its cost of goods sold. Net income increased to $53. 2M in 2003. The coffee giant acquired Seattle Coffee Company from AFC Enterprises for $72. 0M in 2003, as well. Income from operations took a boost up from $281. 0M in 2001 to $318. 7M in 2002, a difference of $37. 6M. Income from operations saw a considerable upturn of $424. 7M in 2003. In a growing company we would expect income from operations to grow from year to year. Cost of sales continued to increase $237. 2M between the years 2001 and 2002 and it peaked again $335. 9M between 2002 and 2003. This is normal when sales are increasing significantly. Management Strategies From cappuccinos to lattes to just regular coffee, the quality of Starbucks fine coffee beverages is worth the cost in dollars. An article from the Internet stated ?  §At $43 in mid-June, a share of Starbucks (SBUX) cost 47 times what Wall Street analysts expect the coffee-shop chain to earn per share this year. The typical stock in the SP 500 index trades at just 19 times earnings (Rosato, D. , 2004, p. 124). The article continued to state that management is projecting Starbucks earnings to grow to 20% every year for the next three to five years. With an amazing growth rate like that its no wonder that their growth far exceeds the typical SP stocks growth rate by as much as three times. Starbucks has a very strong balance sheet. It has little long-term debt and $380. 0M in cash. It continues to expand its long-term assets and finances them from its own cash flow. If a company is in a state of expansion, we would expect long-term assets to increase. The total current assets for the year ending September 29, 2002 for Starbucks Corporation were $847. 5M. For the year ending September 28, 2003 total current assets grew $76. 5M. This gives us a good indication that the company is expanding. Inventory increased from $263. 1M in 2002 to $342. 9 in 2003. In a growing company, we would expect inventory to increase. An article in the Internet stated that in November 2001, Starbucks offered their own Starbucks card. It was a convenient way for coffee drinkers to pay quickly and easily for their morning cup of coffee (Kuykendall, 2004, p. 7). Starbucks sold roughly $18. 0M of these gift cards. This strategy is a great way to increase volume and unlike other cards Starbucks said, ?  §It had never charged the fee noted on its cards $2 a month after on year ? V to anyone (Kuykendall, 2004 p. 7). Another vision to increase its financial strategy was the introduction of the Duetto combo prepaid/credit card in late 2003. An article on the Internet stated how the Chicago based Bank One Corp. called Duetto worked with Starbucks to generate a program where cardholders would receive rewards based on their spending habits. Starbucks conducted a survey to determine the gift that was most attractive to customers and Colette Courtion, director of Starbucks Global Card Services stated, ?  §Duetto cardholders receive a one-time $10 ?  §preload and 1% in so-called Duetto dollars that are automatically loaded on the stored-value side each month for every Visa purchase made. Starbucks also donates $5 to the Starbucks Foundation, after every customer?  ¦s first Starbucks Card Duetto Visa purchase (Martin, Z. , 2004, p. 22). A half-pound of coffee was one of the great appealing rewards, as well. Bank One and Starbucks were very well pleased with the markets positive response to the Duetto card. We are in agreement with these financial strategies and as a team, we concur that Starbucks Corporation should continue the card services as a strategic process that gives their company a great competitive advantage. A key strength of Starbucks is being a disciplined innovator. Frappuccino blended beverages and iced refreshments were new innovations and helped the growth of Starbucks. Starbucks should continue coming up with new kinds of beverages, as that is its core product. Perhaps a vegetable drink that is geared more toward the healthier population like a low calorie, low fat, and low sugar carrot drink that is actually providing the body with good vitamins and minerals. According to information retrieved from the Factiva database, Starbucks Price/Earnings ratio in the last twelve months was 56. 9 and its current ratio was 1. 8. Starbucks is on the right track with their strategies and they have done such an excellent job so far that we believe these strategies will continue to bring revenues for many upcoming years. Growth Starbucks Corporation has a good strategic growth plan currently to enhance their business and gain market share over their competitors. In this section of the report, it will go over Starbucks current ideas about their growth and give different recommendations in how some other ideas may increase their current and future growth. In the current high completive coffee market Starbucks has a good market share and are opening location across the world. Starbucks have opened their location in markets before any of their competitors has any of their location even around that market. Starbucks has a global brand name over their competitors. Starbucks Corporation has roughly 7,500 retail locations across the world, with majority are owned and operated in the United States of America. Starbucks currently has locations across 30 different countries to set their business in the market before any competitors due. Even with Starbucks aggressive move to open many locations across the world they have very little profit with their business. The reasons that Starbuck?  ¦s profitability is low because they?  ¦re trying to cease the market first. In the fiscal year of 2003, the company has a total of nearly 1,300 licensed retail stores, with 1,000 in Asia-Pacific region, 176 in Europe/Middle East/Africa and the remainder in America, excluding North America (Canada, Hawaii, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Peru and Chile). Starbucks is headquartered in Seattle, derives approximately 85% of its revenues and substantially all of its profits from its domestic US market. The US market is the market that gives them the most profit of all markets. Starbucks started most of their locations at cold states based that more coffee drinkers live in cold states. With the new innovation of the cold flavored coffee drinks increased their chance to open more location in warm clement locations. Even with the rapid growth of coffee businesses in the US Starbucks has a large market share and with any change the Starbucks may due their competitors looks to target. Starbucks looks to enhance their brand image in the US market to increase their product sales from the stores that carry Starbucks coffee drinks, like Seven Eleven that carry only Starbucks coffee only. Starbucks reliance on the beverage innovation is important for the Starbucks future growth. With the increase for coffee store based on the need for coffee because of the new flavors, coffee market is growing but Starbucks looks to bring a new innovation to the market. The only problem at hand would be how long will the need and growth of the market last. In the international markets need less innovation then the US market based that there are less competitors in the market. International markets may need to have certain products for their taste. Most often different countries have different customs and life styles that could change the need for each custom. By the fiscal year of 2004, Starbucks international market will achieve profitability. About 23% of the company?  ¦s stores locations that are profitable are located in North America markets that include UK and Japan. Currently the specialty coffee sector accounts for 15% of the US retail market, and which is already worth $21 billion. By 2005, the retail coffee market will be worth $22 billion, and the specialty coffee will account for 41% of the market. Also Starbucks are looking to invent a coffee ice cream and ice cream coffee drink. All of the ice cream has many different flavors and if the newly product takes of like it?  ¦s planned on doing. The specialty coffee products are now sold even at retail store based on the growing need for it. Starbucks is looking to open coffee and ice cream combined stores in start a new market. Starbucks currently sees that more and more coffee business are opening threw out the US by small business owners, so Starbucks is selling more stores to lessen the opening of small businesses. Starbucks feels that if they sell their name that more small business owner would rather have a well-known name to enhance their chances in doing well. Starbucks owners will learn and gain from the innovation and marketing ideas that Starbucks will give. Starbucks will grow faster if they sell of most or all of their location because their will be less need in maintaining their stores and more need in bring new ideas to the market. Now their competitors are franchising their location to. Most of the Starbucks locations in malls or in strip malls across the world. Currently Starbucks are building freestanding locations and designing a drive threw so their customers can have a more convenient way when needing their service. With these newly developed locations will have a food line. They?  ¦re looking to have hot food and cold food to compete with the Tim Horton coffee business. They are also looking to stay open 24 hours, seven days a week. Starbucks is looking to carry donuts, breakfast sandwiches, bagels and other morning food. Starbucks interest to change to compete with Tim Horton?  ¦s may hurt their business or help their business based on the cost involved in the change. Starbucks has concerns regarding the US store growth potential. Currently if the growth continues, saturation levels within the North American retail division will be reached inside five years, the reasons why Starbucks has some concern is that about 75% of the companies revenue growth and a greater portion of its profit. Before the US market becomes saturated, the US market sales growth will grow slowly over the next three to five years. With this change of saturation point coming, the pressure will be on the international Starbucks division will need to grow faster. Currently Starbucks global coffee market is very competitive, and must compete against the likes of restaurants, coffee shops, and street carts. Any major competitors, with a large financial background and the same resources as Starbucks can enter the market at any time and compete directly against the company. Starbucks feels that they have a good market share and are aware of competition on all levels and can maintain its operational performance if its to maintain its status as the world?  ¦s leading specialty coffee retailer. Starbucks was one of the first coffee businesses in the market and will try to be one of the last to leave. The recommendation to Starbucks Coffee that if they are going to grow in the market faster than their competitors is not to change their business to be more like Tim Horton?  ¦s and have their own identity. Currently Starbucks started the wireless Internet access in their stores and now every competitor is doing it. Also, it will help Starbucks if they would enhance the online service to provide laptops and other computers at their locations. They should have online ordering of coffee so when business people need to go fast they can order online and pay online to have a faster way in getting there coffee. With the innovation of new products, Starbucks should think in expanding in creating a coffee machine that can be place at schools, hospitals, and other companies that may need coffee and late hours or that don?  ¦t need a store. They currently market their own coffee brand coffee to purchase at other store but they should have it accessible online to order. The best thing that Starbucks has going for them is that none of its direct competitors are selling their product at store and online. With the increase in people that drink specialty coffee, Starbucks should innovate more different flavored coffee to increase their potential growth currently and in the future. The international looks to be the best growth for their business and they should invest more into locations and countries. Summary In order to ensure future success, we feel that Starbucks should implement the following suggestions. To improve customer satisfaction, Starbucks should include a section where customers actually ask questions and/or leave comments both in store and at their website. In addition, Starbucks should incorporate a survey to measure customer satisfaction. To ensure quality, Starbucks should continue its current practices. The practice includes securing long-term contracts, paying premium prices for coffee and additional premiums to suppliers to ensure quality needs are meet. To guarantee financial security, Starbucks should continue its role as a disciplined innovator. Starbucks should continue to promote the use of Starbucks cards and Duetto combo prepaid credit cards. An important part of Starbuck continued growth is emphasizing their unique image and to continue to provide the latest technical advancements. Starbucks should start expanding by providing coffee machines at schools, hospitals and other similar organizations. These strategies will continue to promote Starbucks as a leading retailer in a highly competitive coffee industry. Starbucks Customer Survey Dear Customer: I want to thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve you. Please help us serve you better by taking a couple of minutes to tell us how we are doing. We appreciate your business and want to make sure we meet your expectations. Attached you will find a coupon good for 1 free coffee.