In conflict, it is women who suffer most

Plan: Interpretation of prompt: Generally throughout the majority of conflicts especially physical conflict, it is the men who are at the forefront fighting the battle. However it is the mother, the wives, the daughters and the sisters of these men who are the ones who suffer most. Paragraphs/Ideas * Picassos painting â€Å"the weeping woman† depicts a grief stricken lady, experiencing the true devastation of losing a beloved male to the horror of the Spanish civil War. In the quiet American, it is Phuong who suffers throughout the text, being torn between both men when having to decide who she wants to be with as a result of the conflict between the two men. * Essay: History has proven to the world that no matter gender, race or religion, conflict will always arise. Not always but generally it is the men of the world who stand up for what they believe in, resulting in the battle of conflict between men. Frequently ending physically, men attempt to prove dominance in their com petitive race through conflict, while women are forced to take a back seat. Despite the result of a male dominated conflict, the deeper consequences show a suffering and pain that is caused to the women who are affected most from the outcome. Famous painter Pablo Picasso’s early 1900’s painting of the â€Å"Weeping Woman† presents the severe suffering that is caused to women through conflict. Representing a woman devastated by the effects of the Spanish Civil War, Picasso displays a face that is etched with a universal pain felt by all women who have been affected through the loss of men to war. The tears treaming down her excoriated face shows the suffering caused by a woman who has clearly felt the true effect of a conflict. Although millions of men have lost their lived and been damaged physically through war, it is clearly devastated through the Picasso’s painting that the emotional suffering that impacts on women is much more severe. Women have very little impact when it comes to conflict, especially when it is male dominated . Being forced to be a bystander like the weeping women, causes adverse emotion affects on women, such that is more traumatising to them than the conflict to the man. They may not always display it, but women always feel the pain of conflict more harshly than men. The harsh suffering that women experience through conflict is similarly exemplified in Grahem Greene’s text The Quiet American. Greene’s female main character Phoung and her sister represent two Vietnamese women who are affected differently by the horrors of the Vietnam War. The conflict of the war mixed in with the rivalry of her two lover’s for her affection tears Phuong apart and inflicts emotional pain on her. Her love for main character Fowler combats against her will to be married to protagonist Pyle, causing her to feel a world of hurt as a result. With Phuong unable to truly decide between her original lover and the man who can provide her with what she needs, we see the sorrow that slowly confuses and destroys her throughout the text. The pain of seeing her younger sister unhappy and unmarried also tears at Phuongs sister, with her main priority of doing what is right for Phuong impacting her every decision. Phuong’s sister can clearly see the happiness experienced when her sister is with fowler however she knows that they are unable to marry. The need for Phuong to marry a man who can provide for her inflicts suffering upon Phuong’s sister as she forces herself to convince Phuong to make the appropriate choice. This conflict of man vs man influenced by the war presents just how women are always at the deepest end of suffering emotionally compared to men. It is the women such as Phuong and her sister who experience the unfathomable pain and suffering that is forced upon them by the conflict which only affects men to a certain level. Paragraph 3: Regardless of whether it is emotional or physical, the battle of supremacy within a conflict shall always end with suffering. What is not always seen on the surface of a conflict is the deeper pain that is thrust upon those who are not directly involved. Generally, it is the women who suffer the most throughout conflict, the women who are bystanders and experience the conflict on another level. Men are usually at the front line of a conflict, doing what is right by their beliefs however it is there beloved female family members who bear the grunt of the painful result of a conflict.

Impact of State Aid on Aer Lingus Essay

Aer Lingus is an airline in the republic of Ireland with a rich history that spans for a period exceeding 66 years. It’s an airline that is thought to hold a very special place in the hearts of most Irish people. In recent times, the airline has experienced difficulties. For example, there were agricultural problems both in England and in Ireland due to the emergence of BSE and Foot and Mouth disease. These are problems that caused the numbers of passengers traveling to various countries to go down. In 2001, workers were in strike due to salary issues and this adversely affected the operations of the Aer Lingus. Global economic crisis emanating from the most powerful economy in the world, the United States together with the September 11 terrorist attacks made many holidaymakers and seasoned passengers to panic and they thus feared traveling. Moreover, lack of funds has been another major problem and this is something that made Sabena and Swissair to close down because of insufficient funds. In fact, this is a problem that was so dangerous to many organizations that even Sabena had gone bankrupt. Due to such events, the major debate has been whether to provide state aid to Aer Lingus or not. The EU has been in the frontline to state that there is no need for the airline to be provided with state aid. On the other hand, some believe that since the government is a shareholder in Aer Lingus it should then use some of the tax payers’ money to inject more cash into the company to save it (Mulcahy, 2002). Since this is a state owned airline, its dependence on aid to raise capital has creates several problems for it. The financial performance of the airline has been undermined for quite a long period of time due to this dependence. However, in comparison to the private sector, state aid in most cases involves writing off the debts to financial institutions like banks. If it were the private sector on this issue, they would not have taken the consideration that such debts may be written off. The idea to use state aid for Aer Lingus may be seen as a bad option. This is so because if it was a private investor at Aer Lingus and they encountered huge debts, such an investor would have considered liquidating the airline and starting all over again using the available assets. But this has not been possible for Aer Lingus since its dependence is on the state to provide it with aid (Doganis, 2001). In 1994, the European Commission sought to approve the guidelines on evaluation proposals relating to state aid for airlines. Approving of the aforementioned proposals would see several conditions being imposed. For example, by relying on state aid, Aer Lingus is going to face the condition that it mustn’t expect additional aid in the coming future. Moreover, state aid according to the commission is not supposed to be used in any way to increase Aer Lingus capacity that may be to the detriment of EU competitors. Moreover, if Aer Lingus obtains this aid, the offer it has in the EU market is not supposed to increase faster compared to overall traffic growth. Aer Lingus is also not supposed to use the state aid to increase its direct competition against other airlines (Doganis, 2006). The impacts of state aid on Aer Lingus did not come with negative effects alone as aforementioned. There has been a success story to tell after state aid that was approved by the EU in mid 1990s. Even though reconstruction success at Aer Lingus took longer compared to Iberia and Air France, cost-cutting was achieved in years 2002 and 2004. State aid that Aer Lingus had received a decade ago had enabled it to survive most crises of that time. Up to early 2005, Aer Lingus still had not been privatized despite the crisis. Early 90s posed problems for Aer Lingus that are still similar to the current problems. The company lost profits amounting to 7% and talks embarked to seek a merger with Ryainar but this did not bear fruits. The management team came up with a recovery plan but the profits realized were still down. This is a problem that continued in 1992 but the appointment of Bernie Cahill as the board chairman saw the government provide more investment in the airline. After the proposal was accepted by the EU, some assets like the computer company and hotels were sold. By 1995, the company realized some profits. These shows the impacts of the state aid on Aer Lingus have been both positive and negative. But for Aer Lingus to survive in the market state aid is required since today, it estimated that the company is losing $2m in a single day. Moreover, the bookings have gone down by a staggering 80% (Barrington and Sweeny, 2001).

Socrates Understanding

| Socrates Understanding| Beverly Melcher| Ethics and Moral Reasoning: PHI 208 Dione Johnson| | 3/3/2013| Socrates Understanding The concept of holiness emerges into the dialogue when Socrates is trying to find out how to address the gods in a proper way. He is also trying to find out the definition of piety and impiety from the gods point of view. The reason for this is so that the man, Meletus, who feels that he is bring justified charges against Socrates to the gods, because he is bringing charges against his father of murder.Meletus feels that Socrates is being impiety or impious to his father in not showing him respect for what he has done. Socrates feels that he is justified in the charges because his father was wrong in not providing the serf with provisions until just could be properly done. In Socrates eyes, his father committed murder, and should be tried for his wrong doings. Piety is doing as I am doing: that is to say, prosecuting anyone who is guilty of murder, sacrileg e, or of any similar crime—whether he be your father or mother, or whoever he may be—that makes no difference; and not to prosecute them is impiety.The next definition, ‘Piety is that which is lived of the gods,’ is shipwrecked on a refined distinction between the state and the act, corresponding respectively to the adjective and the participle, or rather perhaps to the participle and the verb. The third and last definition, ‘Piety is a part of justice’ and â€Å"Piety is what is dear to the gods, and impiety is what is not dear to them. ’ Socrates hardly sees the first explanation as a true definition. The second appears to him as to be part of justice which attends to the gods, as there is the other part of justice which attends to men.Piety or holiness is preceded by the act of being pious, not by the act of being loves; and therefore piety and the state of being loved are different. Euthyphro is simply saying that piety and holines s is learning how to please the gods in word and deed, by prayers and sacrifice (Plato). This type of piety is considered a salvation to the families and states, as to impious or impiety is unpleasing to the gods and brings upon them ruin and destruction. Socrates goal is in placing religion on a moral foundation.He is seeking on how to realize the harmony of religion and morality, in which is universal wanted of all men (Plato). He describes piety as being an affair to business, a science of giving and asking the true service of the gods of the spirit and is in co-operation with them in all things true and good and which everyone must learn for himself (Plato). The features of dialogue that aligns with the interpretation of his goals are all the questions that Socrates asked of Euthyphro before he has to be seen in the courts of the gods.Piety is the  virtue  that can mean a  religious devotion,  spirituality, or a combination of both. A showing of respect to one’s p eers, parents, or the judges of one’s actions whether right or wrong. A man with  piety is  respected by his responsibilities to gods, country, parents, and kin. It is Socrates strictest sense on what sort of love a son ought to have for his father. References http://www. gutenberg. org/files/1642-h. htm Release Date: November 23, 2008 [EBook #1642] Last Updated: January 15, 2013

Fraud And Capital Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fraud And Capital Market - Research Paper Example These eroded financial statements are referred to as fraudulent financial reporting which can be defined in broad sense as deliberate misstatements or oversight of monetary values or disclosures in financial statements prepared to mislead financial statement users. Previous cases of fraud have left investors and regulators looking for answers like how can creative accounting be stopped, how it start and who is to blame when its revealed in their companies. Generally, these entire questions seem to be answered by putting liabilities to management for failure to comply with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Again, failure to detect fraud can be a backlog of independent auditors for failure to apply Generally Accepted Auditing principles (GAAP) accordingly. To counteract these frauds, regulators, corporations and government have instituted various professional ethics and liability laws to reduce such cases. Fraud detection and procedure Fraud detection is not necessarily the duty and obligation of the obvious and recognized agents such as investors, SEC and the independent auditors; rather it is the obligation of community which includes the media, industry regulatory actors, and the company employees. According to the research conducted by the (Kuhn & Sutton, 2006) whistleblowers defer in their capacity to detect frauds. Essentially, the researches indicate that, under legal duties and obligations, the independent auditors and the security regulators are the primary detector agents, auditors can either be internal or external. A fraud can either be detected by an internal auditor or external auditor since both have mutual interests in regard to internal financial controls. The internal auditor is usually part of the company or organization; their roles are stipulated by their respective boards, management and the professional standards while external auditors are not part of the organization but in the line of duty they are engaged by the organization (Harrison 2002). Their roles are set by their client and primary statute for a purpose of providing an independent opinion toward the organization financial statement and this is done annually. Both external and internal auditors ought to meet and share common interest which are directly related to auditing Procedures that auditor needs to go through to discover fraud There are three main steps auditors go through in detecting fraud, these steps are planning, execution and reporting, these steps involve follow up actions that reflect the performance of the audit. In a normal audit, fraud detecting can be done during the planning and execution stage. The table below show procedures an auditor ought to go through in order to detect fraud. Overview of fraud and detection process during normal audit During planning, the auditors assess the risk of fraud; this involves discussions between auditors to consider how and where the financial entity is lik ely to be susceptible to fraud (Harrion 2002). This assessment involves known external and internal factors that affect the financial entity and also consider risk of management overrule of control, and how the auditor is likely to react to the susceptibility of the entity in regard to fraud. During planning, it is important to obtain information required to identify fraud. The auditors are supposed to get sufficient

Should marijuana be legalized or kept illegal Assignment

Should marijuana be legalized or kept illegal - Assignment Example (Mark J. Pletcher, 2012). Investigators at The Zucker Hillside Hospital in Long Island, NY compared the performance of 50 bipolar subjects with a history of cannabis use versus 150 bipolar patients with no history of use. According to clinical data published online, the bipolar patients with a history of cannabis use demonstrate superior neurocogitive performance compared to patients with no history of use. (Raphael J. Braga, 2012). Use of marijuana for medicinal purposes remains controversial, and we do not advocate its widespread use. However, that in certain circumstances, specifically when patients are using marijuana to relieve nausea, marijuana is not associated with lower rates of adherence (de Jong, 2005). Cannabis users had better cognitive functioning than patients without cannabis use in several domains including design memory, verbal fluency, object assembly, block design, picture completion, picture arrangement, and face recognition memory (John Stirling, 2004) The majority of patients with multiple sclerosis develop troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms. The conclusions after researches: there were few troublesome side effects, suggesting that cannabis-based medicinal extracts are a safe and effective treatment for urinary and other problems in patients with advanced (Ciaran M. Brady, 2004). Pain, sleep and mood were most frequently reported as improving with cannabis use, and high and dry mouth were the most commonly reported side effects. We conclude that cannabis use is prevalent among the chronic non-cancer pain population, for a wide range of symptoms, with considerable variability in the amounts used (Mark A. Ware, 2003). Marijuana significantly reduced ratings of queasiness and slightly reduced the incidence of vomiting compared to placebo. These findings support and extend previous results, indicating that smoked marijuana reduces feelings of nausea and also reduces

How did the events and ideas in your primary source reading reflect Essay

How did the events and ideas in your primary source reading reflect broader changes in American history for this period - Essay Example African Americans wanted to become autonomous. This autonomy would be achieved if an Africa free of White domination was achieved. Africans had to be liberated from colonization. This notion was demonstrated in the speech of Marcus Garvey in the Second International Convention of Negroes held at Liberty Hall, New York (Garvey, 1921). The speech centrally suggested that Africans should fight for freedom even if it will cost their lives. This reflects the broader changes in American History because African Americans were becoming disillusioned due to segregation, racial discrimination and racial violence; and they were ready to fight for their liberty. In the early 20th century, there was a general wave of calls for the liberty of African Americans that led to the formation of Universal Negro Improvement Association and the African Communities League. The founder of the association was Marcus Garvey. It was based on the belief of respect of human rights and supremacy of God almighty. At the period when the organisation was formed, African Americans were suffering from the injustice committed by the Whites. In Africa, African states were colonized. Europeans had sliced their land and divided among themselves (Fredrickson, 1995). Africans were forced to surrender their wealth to aliens, and to make things worse, they were forced to work for the Whites in the same lands that belonged to them before they were taken away. In United States, African Americans were still enslaved, segregated and discriminated. In United States, like in Africa, Black people were not accorded equal treatment with whites. They were not allowed in hotels and inns in the same extent as their white counterparts (Fredrickson, 1995). As a result of this, African Americans were determined to fight for their liberty. Southern parts of USA experienced high levels of African-American segregations in public places. The Jim Crow compelled

Introduction to services marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Introduction to services marketing - Essay Example Marketing of services has attained greater significance over the years, due to globalization and the increasing competition at a global level (Cunningham, Young, Ulaga & Lee, 2004). The services sector is has grown substantially in the recent years and hence has become an integral part of economy. In order for firms to survive in such a highly competitive industry, marketing of services is inevitable (Lovelock, Wirtz, 2004). In the realm of marketing, innovation holds supreme significance. It is only through innovation that firms can differentiate their products / services in the market and generate value and relevance for their services or products in the eyes of their target market / segments (Kleinknecht, 2000: 169-186). The development of technology fuelled by a simultaneous development in the field of information and technology, has led to a complete transformation with regard to delivery and execution of various services. It has now, completely revolutionized the manner in which services were executed, and hence widened the scope to product and process the services. The opening of various global economies has further expanded the playing field for various firms, thus further intensifying the competition at a global level.... According to Pride and Ferrell (2006) the term customer contact is defined as "the level of interaction between the service provider and the customer necessary to deliver the service" (Pp. 367). High contact services, include such services as observed in: healthcare, real estate, legal issues, hair care, healthcare services etc., while low-contact services include: tax preparation, auto repair, dry cleaning etc. High-contact services entail the presence of the customer at the time of service delivery while there is no such requirement in case of low-contact services. For instance, in hospitality industry, the customer presence is necessary and inevitable to enjoy or avail the services, while in case of low-contact services such as auto-repair, for instance, the customer need not be present while the repair work is in progress (Pride and Ferrell, 2006). In case of high-contact services, the customer is generally required to visit the service site, while there is no such pre-requisite in case of a low-contact service. Instead, access to the service is made available to the customers, via a method called self-service, for instance, as is observed in case of e-card delivery; buying from a kiosk; or via the internet. The contact points are usually held in remote places, and there is no actual physical contact between the service providers and the customers. Thus, in each service transaction the customers have very low contact with the service provider, as compared to that in case of a high-contact service. The service marketing system with regard to high-contact and low-contact services can be better explained with the help of the following diagrams: Figure 1: Service delivery system in a high-contact service Figure 2: Service delivery system in a

Preventing Women from Exercising Equal Rights as Men in the Political Research Paper

Preventing Women from Exercising Equal Rights as Men in the Political Sphere by Olympe de Gouges - Research Paper Example Olympe de Gouges and some contemporary feminists as Theroigne de Mericourt and Etta Palm d'Aelders expressed their concern about this grossly unfair inequality between men and women and over time the voice of Olympe de Gouges became the most consistent, rational, cogent and quite often strident especially while mercilessly conducting autopsy of laws and customs that prevented women from exercising equal rights as men in the political sphere. However, it was not until 1791 when she published â€Å"The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen† that de Gouges dared to challenge openly the preconceived and ingrained notion among both the ruling class and the scientists that women were not only intellectually but also physically incapable of seriously exercising their intellect or make rational decisions. But, she was not so strident and rigidly feminist right from the early stages of her life. The very thing that once made Olympe an object of scorn, namely the sea mlessness of her way of living, her dramatic work, and her social convictions, the absence of any contradiction in her between thought and action, is precisely what most impresses us today. It was not possible for an unknown, widowed woman born of illiterate parents, raised in the provinces far from Paris, with no formal education and little means, to be able to master the language and also the art of persuasive and forceful argumentative writing. Olympe was no co-opted, no compromiser; rather, she was a forerunner, and one endowed with the sort of courage that can smash every form of dictatorship.

The Difficulties of Complaining Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Difficulties of Complaining - Case Study Example Excellent patient care is the most important piece to keep hospital rooms full. As an example, "Mr Tadeus Kowalski was admitted to the ward a year ago for rehabilitation following hip replacement in an elective orthopedic centre. He has had a second hip replacement and there are plans to transfer him to the ward again for rehabilitation, Mr Kowalski and his family said they did not want him to return to the ward. Mr Kowalski has Parkinson's disease and said that, although his medication should have been given three hourly, it was often late. This caused him greater distress and impeded his recovery. In his notes, there are several entries indicating that he, his wife and family have been asked to keep his own medication as his medication has not been given on time. As cure costs more than prevention, to alleviate Mr Kowalski concerns and enable him to accept the rehabilitation, hospital needs to provide special ward and appoint a dedicated nurse for him. There is a requirement for th e doctor to visit the patient more informally other than the scheduled official rounds.. He should be provided with labeled medicines and with chart indicating its dosage and time to take it, which will be helpful in absence of attendant. There are several such cases which affect hospital reputati

The Central Limit Theorem Essay Example for Free

The Central Limit Theorem Essay The Central Limit Theorem for a Mean state that for a random sample of size n from a population with mean  µ and standard deviation ? , as the sample size increases the distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution with mean  µ and standard deviation . On the other hand, if the population is normal, the distribution of the sample mean is normal regardless of sample size (Doane Seward, 2007). Now, suppose a random sample of size n is taken from a population with mean 100 and standard deviation 10. The sampling error or standard error of mean for samples of n = 1, n = 4, n = 9, n = 16, n = 25, n =100 will be For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, For n = 1, From above it can be seen that as the sample size increases, the sampling error reduces. Further, the histogram (if plotted) of samples means approaches a normal distribution. Therefore, while on cannot get rid of sampling error the results from one’s statistical work can be still useful as the sampling error will be less for larger sample size. References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York DQ2-WK3 What is the difference between a sample and a population? When can the same information (e. g. the age of each of the ten students in our class) be considered both sample data and population data? A sample involves looking only at some items from the population. For example, if a survey is to be taken from student of XYZ College for their choices, than the population will be consist of taking survey of all the students in XYZ College and a sample will be taking survey for only some of the students selected based on sampling method. For small population, there is little (or no) reason to sample. Similarly, if the data are on disk, than 100% of the cases can be examined easily (Doane Seward, 2007). Therefore, the same information can be considered both sample data and population data if the population is small or can be taken easily with no additional cost for analysis purpose. For example, in a class of 30 students, if the average age is to be determined, than the population is entire class that is all 30 students. In this case, the population is small; therefore, there is no need to sample and therefore, the age of all 30 students can be considered both sample data and population data. References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York DQ3-WK3 When would you use ANOVA at your place of employment, in your education, or in politics? Please share the WORDS that would lead you to the null hypothesis for a specific and simple example and, then, show the null and alternative hypothesis in symbols. Analysis of variance (commonly referred to as ANOVA) is used for comparison of more than two means simultaneously and to trace sources of variation to potential explanatory factors (Doane Seward, 2007). For example, if sample data for 15 days of manufacturing defect rates for automotive parts manufactured at four plant locations is collected (or available). Than, ANOVA can be used to answer questions such as are the observed differences in the plants’ sample mean defect rates merely due to random variation? Alternatively, are the observed differences between the plants’ defect rates too great to be attributed to chance? This can be written as null and alternate hypothesis as , i. e. at all four plants mean defect rate are the same. , i. e. at least one mean differs from the other. Now, if the null hypothesis is not rejected than it can be concluded that the observations within each treatment or group actually have a common mean ? (ibid). References: Doane D. P. Seward L. E. (2007). Applied Statistics in Business and Economics. McGraw-Hill/Irwin: New York

Architecture of the 20th Century

Architecture of the 20th Century While discussing the subject of architecture of the 20th century, the discussion is incomplete without a special mention of Robert Venturi. The man started his life in Philadelphia on 25th June, 1925 he went on to become one of the most prevalent names in American architecture. The information on Venturi includes a special mention of his wife Denise Scott Brown. 1960 was the year they first meet , got married in 1967 they have always been together ever since . This husband and wife team did remarkable work in the region of architecture, launching themselves with their joint venture better recognized as Venturi, Scott Brown Associates (VSBA). Architecture steeped in popular symbolism. Kitsch had become art in designs which exaggerate or stylize cultural icons. [1] Some of the most important design strategies adopted by Brown were theory is not the rule of thumb, learn to copy, drawing-a must have, ideation is constant etc. According to Robert and Denise, theory is not the rule of thumb. While most architects glued to theory when it comes to planning designs, Robert Venturi and Denise Scotte Brown thought the opposite way. According to them design process should not be dominated by the theory. This was despite the fact that both of them were well known theoreticians. Venturi even went on to say that the artist is not someone who designs in order to prove his or her theory and certainly not to suit an ideology[2] While most of the architects followed the philosophy of not copying, Venturi and Brown had a different point of view here too. They believed that they could learn more by copying the works of the masters. As Venturi correctly puts forth, It is better to be good than to be original. [3] But, this in no way meant a complete imitation. To this, Denise Scott Brown makes it clear that they copy ideology that they copy ideologies. The duo only took copying to the extent of drawing inspiration. Their inspiration was a base to develop further designs. Venturi says, You have to have something basic that you either build on or evolve from or revolt against. You have to have something there in the first place and the only way to get it is to copy, in a good sense of the word.[3] One, of course, needs to possess certain skills to leave a mark the field of architecture. According to Robert and Denise, drawing was the most essential one. Referring to the skill as a facility between hand and mind, Denise Scott Brown also said that it was essential for designers to master drawing in order to succeed. She believed that it often happened that the hand draws something, which the mind interprets in a different way and you draw a whole new idea from it. In an era where everyone thought that handwriting has a little significance as everything can be done using specially designed software, the duo has its arguments ready. People who can draw very well and who control line weight well in hand technique are the ones who use the computer imaginatively,[4] they asserted. Who says that you need to sit down in a board room to ideate? Well, not Venturi at least. In his opinion ideation cannot be bound by place or time; he believed that one could ideate anytime and anywhere, even while talking. Venturi alleged that even while talking one suddenly sees something else out of the corner of their eye and they think of something they wouldnt have done otherwise. He also opined that you ideate more while working on other projects and averred the idea only comes after great struggle and agony.[5] Some of the important buildings built by the duo are The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1962, Brant House in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1973, Gordon Wu Hall in Princeton, New Jersey in 1983, Bank building in Celebration in Florida in 1994 and many more. Since mid 1960s Robert and Denise greatly altered the landscape of the American Architectural thought their processes and practices with their design strategies. Robert Venturis book Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture became a uniting point for budding architects around the globe who had become cynical with the stylistic restrictions of the International Style as a result of which the book provided a manifesto for the Post-Modern movement in architecture. Followed by this out of his teachings at Yale came his 1972 book Learning from Las Vegas which was co-authored by Steven Izenour and Denise Scott Brown. The architectural world was once again astonished by this work. The the gaudy and the sign-filled Vegas strip was transformed from being an architectural aberration to a vernacular art form which deserve serious study. Venturi felt that the Decorated Shed and various other types of roadside buildings offered design lessons that could not be left attended, an he argued that architects require to face the reality and symbolize the popularly built environment with buildings corresponding to that environment.[6] Kitsch is reflected as a form of art that is substandard and is a tasteless copy of an a complementary style of art or is a nugatory replica of art of recognized value.[7] The deliberate use of elements that may be considered as cultural icons is what this concept is related to Kitsch can also be defined as the genres of art that aesthetically lack whether or not being theatrical, sentimental, glamorous, or creative and that make creative gestures which simply reflect the superficial appearances of art by means of repeated conventions and formulae. This term is often associated with excessive sentimentality. [8] The emergence of postmodernism in the 1980s, blurred the borders between kitsch and high art yet again. The approval of what is called camp taste which may be related to, but is not the same as camp when used as a gay sensibility was one development. An unreal or an assumed illustration from the world of painting would be a kitsch image of a deer by a lake. In making camp, panting a sign beside it, saying No Swimming. The majestic or romantic perception of a stately animal would be punctured by humor; the conception of an animal receiving a a penalty for the breach of the rule is out rightly ludicrous. The primordial, reflective sentimentality of the motif is neutralized, and thus, it becomes camp. A few things that posed as interesting challenges were the conceptual art and deconstruction, because, talking of kitsch, in favour of elements that enter it by relating to other spheres of life they downplayed the formal structure of the artwork. Inspite of this fact, many in the art world continue to latch onto some sense of the dichotomy between art and kitsch, excluding all sentimental and realistic art from being considered seriously. This has come under the scanner of the critics, who now argue for a renewed art and figurative painting, without the concern for it appearing innovative or new. Whatever may be the scenario, there is difficulty in defining boundaries between kitsch and fine art since the beginning of postmodernism, the word kitsch is commonly used to label anything seen as being in poor taste still. This postmodern architecture influenced by Venturi was further prejudiced by many architects like Philip Johnson and Robert A.M Stern. When talking about American architecture, there is no way one can miss out on Philip Johnson. One of the most notable and renowned American architects, he was the winner of the first Pritzker Architecture Prize. For establishing the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art, New York is credited to him. Philip was born in 1906 in Cleveland. He played a vital role in creating and understanding the urban skyscrapers through America. Johnson was an advocate of simple style and thus he played a significant role in strengthening the minimalist trend. The work of various modern architects, including Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier was comprehensively supported by Johnson. He was a co-author of the popular book, The International Style. The techniques of the Bauhaus were introduced to America by this book. By the time Johnson reached the age of mid-thirties he  was discontented with his role of an author and curator. So he studied under the architect Marcel Breuer at The Graduate School of Design. Johnson designed his own home in New Canaan, Connecticut soon after his graduation. His first architectural work, his house is considered one of his most remarkable works. The house was a glass house and featured an exposed steel frame. Johnson continued with his architectural quest and went on to design numerous public buildings and houses after his own house. Johnson designed some of his well-known works, notably the Seagram Building in New York City during this time. Johnson had a more inspired than individualistic stint with architecture initially. His initial work carried a strong bear mark of Mies van der Rohe. However, an individualistic touch could be seen in his work by 1960s. Infused with historical elements, his style of architecture showcased how one could aesthetically incorporate domes and colonnades in a building. He created some of his most monumental works of his life only after he discovered his individualistic architectural sense. Some of these include the Sheldon Art Gallery at the University of Nebraska, the New York State Pavilion at the Worlds Fair and the New York State Theater in New York City. By the 1970s and 1980s, he began experimenting with the texture and color of the exterior of his creations at large though he was still stuck with his original style of architecture. Today in his nineties, Johnson is considered as one of the last modern architects that we have. With a run of nearly 70 years in the field of architecture, he has surely carved his niche and will continue to inspire many architects in the times to come. Another popular name in American architecture is of Robert Arthur Morton Stern, also known as Robert A.M. Stern. He is an American architect and presently the Dean of Yale University School of Architecture. His work is usually described as postmodern. However, a dominating emphasis on continuity of tradition in his work is witnessed which cannot be ruled out. No wonder, he recently used the phrase modern traditionalist to describe his work. As a designer in the office of Richard Meier he started his career in 1966. But he soon quit from his job and established his own firm, Stern and Hagmann in 1969. He formed the firm with a fellow student at the Yale University named John S. Hagmann. This was followed by the establishment of the successor firm, Robert A.M. Stern Architects, a name still very popular in American architecture. He has a broad portfolio to his credit when talking about his work. Some of his more notable projects in the public domain include Lakewood Public Library in Lakewood, Ohio, the main library in Columbus, Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta and many more. Stern was also a notable author apart from being a successful architect. He has authored New York 1880, New York 1960, and New York 2000- a series that documents the evolution and history of the architecture of New York City. This postmodern architecture has his roots deep in the past, as is evident from his work. His buildings showcase a deep affection for the past. His most notable project with The Walt Disney Company reiterates the same. He served the company in the position of Board of Director for the tenure 1992-2003. His boardwalk at Disney World is suggestive of an American seaside village from the early 20th century. You will be reminded of how architecture has evolved from Victorian to the Vienna Secessionist movement while you have a look at his buildings. The mini village beautified with artifacts from various eras, though not exactly historical, comes across as a dream like walk. And not to forget the Beach club, that reflects the 19th century American Resort architecture in its true form. With a huge pool of work and a design philosophy that combined the best of modernism and tradition, Stern is certainly not a name to be forgotten in the architectural realm. Though his broad horizon of work is a feat in itself, he has several other achievements to his credit as well. A Driehaus Prize laureate, he went on to win several awards. In the year 1984, he was awarded with the AIA New York Chapters Medal of Honor. He was also conferred the Chapters Presidents Award in 2001. He also has to his credit the Scully Prize from the National Building Museum, Athena Award from the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Board of Directors Honor from the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical America. Since long and even now Philips designs in PoMo mode reveal a decent to the level of kitsch that appears lest camp in its motivation than simply and unmitigately cheap in its effect [9]. In the aesthetic program of Robert Venturi kitsch and the area of everyday culture was used. But at the same time in his artistic designs, he generally elevated them. In the circle of architects Robert Venturi an Robert A M Stern, the so called Greys Designers whose work used the hybrid culture idioms of American day to day life as starting points of their new artistic direction including kitsch and pop. [10] Thus Robert Venturi, Philip and Robert A M Stern are three flamboyant modern architects whose contribution to architecture have a made a difference to the architectural world.

Air Passenger Duty Tax In The Uk Economics Essay

Air Passenger Duty Tax In The Uk Economics Essay According to the new system, commercial flights are divided into four bands which differ in price and distance. This essay will attempt to determine whether the new policy is justified and how it will affect the market for short haul flights, the competition, environment and the revenue for the government. a) In order to find out how the increase in Air Passenger Duty affects the market for short haul flights, it is necessary to carry out a supply and demand analysis of air travel. Figure 1: Market for short haul flights after the APD increase (Adapted from Sloman Garratt, 2010). Figure 1 shows airplanes supply and passengers demand for flights after the APD increase. According to Sloman and Garratt (2010), when price of a product or service rises, quantity demanded falls, and when price descends, quantity demanded increases. Therefore, the demand curve is downwards sloping to the right. On the other side, as price rises, quantity supplied goes up. As price decreases, quantity supplied goes down. In effect, the supply curve is upwards sloping. The point in which both curves intersect is the equilibrium price. At this point the amount supplied equals the amount demanded. Before the hike of the tax the seats (Q1) were sold at the price of P1. The increase of APD causes the supply curve to shift upwards to the left. It is because change in supply can be triggered by determinants other than price, like government policies (i.e. taxes), which in result increase costs of production (Sloman Garratt 2010). In order to cover it, an airline needs to raise the price per seat. This increase in fares affects passengers, who are now willing to purchase fewer seats. This is shown by a movement along D curve to the new equilibrium point P2 Q2. If the movement did not happen, it would result in a surplus, i.e. the quantity of plane seats would exceed the number of customers willing to buy it. Basing on the law of demand, the quantity demanded of plane seats drops due to the increase in fares, illustrated by P2 and Q2. However, taking into account the fact that a rise in APD is relatively low ( £1 in economy and  £2 in premium class), it is unlikely that the drop from Q1 to Q2 will be steep. b) The increase in APD on short haul flights will not necessarily mean that the passengers will foot the whole bill. Such flights are frequently used and the rise in APD is relatively low, so in many cases the increase will be shared by customers and airlines. Sloman and Garratt (2010) explain that consumers pay to the extent that price rises. Producers pay to the extent that this rise in price is not sufficient to cover the tax. So, passengers should face a rise of the price difference between P1 and P2 (Figure 1), which is less than  £1. The remaining part should be paid by an airline. However, this will depend on specific airlines: their revenue, policies and popularity of their offer. The more price inelastic is the demand for the airline, the bigger customers share. So budget airlines, like Ryanair and easyJet, are very unlikely to cover the increase in APD. This is due to the fact that their fares are very competitive, thus customers will be better off choosing their service even if the whole APD is passed in them. On the other side, traditional airlines (like BA) operating on domestic and short European routes could decide to bear the burden of the whole amount due to the fact, that they face a numerous competition in the industry and from other means of transport. Therefore, it could be reasonable for such airlines to cover some share of APD increase and keep the demand and profit high. They could achieve it by, for instance, reducing ticket prices and sales or scrapping other charges where possible. Therefore, if the increase is shared by customers and airlines, the price-increase for passengers will be less than  £1 in the cheapest class. c) Long distance fast train travel is considered to be the closest substitute to short haul fights. Therefore, if the price of the flights rises due to APD increase, customers (especially leisure travellers) may switch to the cheapest alternative, i.e. trains. According to Sloman and Garratt (2010), if demand is affected by other factor than price, the whole demand curve shifts to the right or to the left. The number and price of substitute goods is one of the determinants of the shift in demand. This means that if the price of one product rises, the demand for its substitute will go up. Figure 2: Market for train journeys after the price increase of short haul flights. (Adapted from Sloman Garratt, 2010). The graph illustrates the effect of the increase in short haul prices on the market for train journeys. The horizontal axis represents a number of passengers, whereas the vertical axis shows prices for a train ticket. Before the increase in flights prices, the equilibrium for train journeys was at the price P1 and quantity Q1. However, the demand for train journeys reacts to a high price of the substitute good, as more people travel by train rather than fly. Thus the demand curve shifts to the right. As a result, at the current point of price P1 there is shortage of the service, as more customers are willing to choose train travel than is available on the market. In order to eliminate the shortage, there must be a movement upward to the right on the supply curve to the new intersection point P2 Q2. In effect, more commuters use train service at a higher price. d) Knowing how elastic the demand for air travel is, it is possible to predict the effect of the increase in APD on the demand, as well as on the environment and tax revenue. Sloman and Garratt (2010) suggest that as the price of goods rises, the quantity demanded falls. Therefore, demand responds to a change in price. This is called the price elasticity of demand. To examine this concept, the percentage change of quantity demanded must be divided by the percentage change in price. The result of the calculation determines whether demand is elastic or inelastic. Demand is elastic when the result is greater than 1. It indicates that a change in quantity demanded is larger than a change in price. Consequently, inelastic demand occurs when a change in price causes relatively small change in quantity demanded. When quantity demanded and price change by the same proportion, then demand is unit elastic (Sloman Garratt, 2010). The price elasticity of demand is affected by various determinants, like substitutes, proportion of income spent on the product and the time period. The more alternatives there are, the bigger is the price elasticity of a good. The more income is spent on a good, the less elastic it is. Finally, with a passage of time, demand for a product may become more price elastic, because consumers may have time to find better options. Overall, average price elasticity for air travel is below 1 (Department for Transport, 2009). According to IATA (2009), prices of short haul flights and are more elastic than prices of long haul flights. This is due to the fact that companies operating on short haul routes face bigger competition from other airlines and different means of transport. Taking into account delays and time consuming check-in process, travel by car, coach or train seems to be a good alternative. However, the long haul flights cannot be easily replaced as there are not many substitutes for them. According to HM Revenue and Customs (2009), APD increase will reduce the demand by 1% in 2010-11 and by 1.5% in the following year. This small reduction in demand is supposed to save hundreds thousands tonnes of CO2. Therefore, other things being equal, the policy has a potential to help the environment. This, however, depends on the customers, because if they switch to cheaper airlines, the effect on pollution will be less significant than expected. APD increase is predicted to raise additional hundreds million pounds in tax revenue, because people, even if the demand falls, will still need to fly and pay extra charges. e) The reform of APD has been endorsed by the government and environmental agencies as a necessary green tax. They claim that the aviation is under-taxed in comparison with other industries. According to IATA (2008), the rise could possibly generate over  £700 million additional revenue per year, which could help in reducing the deficit. Moreover, the policy has a potential to reduce flights by 0.4% in 2010-11 and by 0.6% which could save 0.4 and 0.6 million tonnes of CO2 respectively. Other pollutants will also be reduced, as well as congestion and noise around airports (HM Revenue Customs, 2009). The policy divides flights into four bands, ensuring that passengers on long haul flights pay more, due to the bigger environmental impact. It also encourages business passengers to use clean alternatives, like video-conferencing or high-speed train. The government emphasise that thanks to the increase in APD, other methods of transport are given a green light, because other than price, they would not be able to compete with air travel. Another benefit of the reform is that it ensures that regional employment on domestic routes is not largely affected by it. Therefore the increase in Band A is only  £1  £2. What is more, the policy does not discourage airlines from opening new routes or keeping the routes in rural areas. If there was a tax per plane instead of APD, connections with a low passenger load would be discontinued (HM Revenue Customs, 2009). On the other side, the reform has many opponents who argue that APD is unjust for passengers and environment. The Independent (2010) points out that the new division is not based exactly on the mileage, but on the distance from London to the capital of the country destination. Therefore, in some cases it will be cheaper to go further, for example Hawaii falls into Band B, whereas Cancun, Mexico into Band C. This negates the whole idea of APD as a green tax. What is more, the policy rewards inefficiency by charging tax per passenger rather than per plane. A flight with empty seats is charged less tax than one which is full, even though they both have the same effect on environment. Also, charter planes are unfairly exempt from APD. Moreover, APD reform strikes families who would have to pay extortionate charges to go on holiday abroad. Decrease in demand for exotic package holidays may bring a loss to British travel agencies, as well as to many developing countries who count on revenue from tourism. As it was mentioned above, the policy favours certain destinations over other, even if the distance is very similar (e.g. Turkey and Egypt). Also, the tax hike can force many budget airlines to cancel unprofitable routes and move their businesses to Europe, where the charges are not as severe. Many UK travellers may want to reduce the burden of long haul prices by flying from Europe. Finally, foreign visitors may be put off by the highest tax in Europe, which they have to pay on the flight back home. They can decide that their visit in UK is not worth the price and instead they pick up different destinations. All these cases suggest that British aviation and tourism could suffer a loss and the government would lose much revenue from both industries. In conclusion, the policy seems to bring more damage than good. Because it raises many controversies, especially with regard to rewarding inefficiency, the government should look for another solution, possibly more competent tax per plane. To sum up, according to the law of demand, APD rise should slightly reduce the demand for flights and increase the demand for substitutes, like train journeys. In many cases the additional charge will be partially covered by airlines. The policy could raise an additional income for the government and reduce the pollution. However, all these optimistic objectives depend on the decisions made by passengers. Soon it will be known if the policy is a blessing or a curse for economy and environment.

Human Concepts of Aging :: Sociology Age Agism Stereotype

In this essay about aging, I will focus not only on the stereotypical view of what aging can mean to most, but also the broader focus on the many ways aging can be defined. The essay will look at what aging means to different cultures and historical periods and take a broad overview of the concept from different perspectives. Moreover it will also discuss social factors relating to aging. It will show the significant changes of aging historically and various underlying factors as to the changes. Finally, I will discuss what the changes suggest for our future. What does the concept of aging mean? Aging is defined into a definition as "Changes that significantly decrease the probability of survival caused by processes within the individual that are universal, inevitable and irreversible" (Schulz & Ewen, 1993 p. 5). However it is a narrow definition of what aging means as there is not one person who would define aging in the same manner. Most of what we think and know about aging are opinions that reflects the stereotyped and exaggerated attitudes about decline and fall that are so common in the western culture. Even though it can be defined in biological terms aging also has another perspective, an entirely social construction and the way we perceive age varies from culture to culture and from one historical period to another (Coleman & O' Hanlon, 2004). Defining what is old to oneself depends on who we are and our own social position. According to the NSW Department 1989 Report of the Healthy Older People Project, age is defined differently according to the individual. For example a medical professional would state post-menopausal women and retired men as being old. To a fifteen-year-old, parents, grandparents and 30 year olds would be seen as old, and sick elderly people are viewed as older than healthy older people. This shows that there is not one ideal for what old and age is supposed to mean. Since 1900 life expectancy at birth has increased by more than 20 years for females and males. This therefore has influenced our definitions of old age. NSW Health Department (1989) categorised old into groups. Group one `young old' 60 years and over. Group two ` Old old' 75 years to 84 years and group three, the oldest, being 85 years and over. Moreover although old can be defined to Australians somewhat differently depending on the individual it also can't be forgotten that our Australian Indigenous population vary what old age is once again.

Stalins Reform Of Russia :: essays research papers

Every Day Stalinism, by Sheila Fitzpatrick gives the real accounts of life under the control of Joseph Stalin. Fitzpatrick states her claim as to how Stalin remained in power for over twenty-five years by using methods of oppression and by implementing modernity. One of the main reasons that Stalin stayed in power was by implementing modernity into a society that had previously been stuck in a traditionalized environment. Fitzpatrick describes how Stalin changed peoples lives in the Soviet Union by advancing there means of production to bring them up to speed with the rest of the western world. Stalin's production of more factories led to the increase in the work force. Along with the increase in size, the work force became more diversified with the addition of women. These improvements however had some setbacks. One being problems in family life, this can be accredited to the implementation of women in the work force. Modernization made Russian women no longer subordinate to men. They were now able to obtain jobs, which made them absent from the household. This surge in the number of factories and jobs offered led to "ten million women entering the labor market."(Fitzpatrick 139) The bond between child and mother was broken as women were not raising their children and began seeing "the upbringing of children as a community rather then family responsibility." (Fitzpatrick 156) This new mentality would never have come about if women were not placed in the work force. Women went from traditionalized lifestyles to believing that "they should have careers" because raising a family was only for the "bourgeois." (Fitzpatrick 156-160) Conflicts with men arose quite rapidly as women were now not only in the work force, but being promoted as well. (Fitzpatrick 161) These conflicts could have been the cause for the divorce rate to increase during this time. The families that were in tact were forced to live in cramped quarters. Thanks to modernization these single room apartments had bathrooms and kitchens, which Stalin would argue, made "life more cheerful.

Changes in School Essay

Education has changed throughout time and will continue changing. With many changes for better or for worse, education will still be a priority for our children. After interviewing two teachers that have been in the education workforce for over twenty years, I realized how much change in society has affected the way teachers taught their students. The first teacher I interviewed had been teaching for twenty-five years and is a sixth grade teacher. She noted that any change in our culture has made a difference in her classroom. As part of the changes the role of schools and education will also be different both in the educational system and in the society. Together with them the role of teachers will also change. The way students are learning is changing therefore, the tools to accommodate these demands are changing as well. She commented that technology is now a great part of today’s education. She said its like an â€Å"explosion of technology† has hit our generation. Although she says that technology has brought many opportunities it has brought challenges as well. For example, it is an advantage for her to integrate computers in her classroom for learning. But it is a huge distraction when her students have cell phones and music player devices in class. She commented that â€Å"children in sixth grade shouldn’t even own cell phones. † They are too young to have cell phones and notices that twenty years ago, her students were not known to have such things. Technology is becoming more and more advanced everyday. Items that are faster and sleeker are replacing items that were once used. The teacher also commented that the role of parents throughout her time in teaching has changed as well. She noticed a change in the amount of parent involvement. She said that parents today are more involved in their child’s education than back then. The second teacher I interviewed, has been teaching for twenty years and is a third grade teacher. She says that the role of teachers in student achievement is critical. Children are not the only ones who must be prepared for change. Teachers must be knowledgeable with any and all changes that occur in our society as well. There have been great educational changes over the past years. There is one role in education that has been forced to keep up with changes brought about by the information age, computers and the changes in society. Before teachers, were the main source of learning and now there are many resources for students to search for answers to their questions. She also says that the number of students and teachers have grown through out her years. During her teaching years she says that parental involvement has generally increased during the last twenty years. And it’s a great factor that has evolved in children’s education. There are also more children with more than one nationality compared to children back then. Yet the world in which our children grow up and go to school has changed immensely. Back then personal computers were expensive, slow and rare. Today, those huge desktops are nearly gone. There were no web browsers and Internet Explorer came later, as did social media, like Google, Facebook and smart phones. We’ve hardly had time to figure out how this explosion of technology affects the way children think and relate to each other. I believe the need of a generation of teachers who aim to develop learners instead of teaching them, who help their students to become independent, who provide students with motivation and interest for life-long learning, is essential in the education of the future. Children today are growing up in a world that has changed significantly over the past twenty years. They are comfortable around technology that they have known all their lives. The changes going on today create an opportunity and a necessity for a transformation in the education system and in the way children are taught. Children must be prepared for a future of continued rapid change.

Research Proposal for Internal Auditor Essay

Introduction The responsibility of the internal audit is to serve the Ministry of Justice in a manner that is consistent with the Financial Administration and Audit Act, Standards for the Professional Practise of Internal Auditing and with professional standards of conduct. This activity has the potential to provide hitherto unparallel services to management in the conduct of their duties. Background of Study The government of Jamaica established the Internal Auditing Agency as a means of strengthening accountability and reinforcing trust and confidence in financial reporting for public sector institutions. These audits help enhance economic prosperity, expanding the variety, number and value of transactions by means of written reports or consultations to prepare persons who are entering into transactions. (Institute of Chartered Accountants 2005) The value of an Internal Auditor lies in how well he/she is able to contribute to the overall achievement of the organisations objectives. The auditor should always strive to make himself relevantto the ogranisations using the proper methods of providing information to that will allow management make decisions that will impact the organization positively on their ability to achieve organisational goals. However according to the reports made by the Auditor General of Jamaica (2005) audits have been restrictive in terms of scope with the lack of technology in aiding auditor and fraud. This needs to be addressed if the required return on investment in the Internal Audit is to be attained. Problem Statement The Internal Audit Agency (2006) believes that the importance of internal audit is analytically obscure. This belief plagues the importance of an internal audit as a key function that can strengthen the oversight responsibility of the governing body and this attitude reflects management’s view on auditors. To sum it up, Public Sector agencies discredit auditors, The Internal Audit functions in the Jamaican public sector faces a perception and credibility problem as auditors are seen as value adders or fault finders in the government rather than solution providers. Management Question: Why is it that public sector managers find the function of the Internal Audit Agency an inconvenience and what can be done to curb it? Research Questions: 1. Why is there a low support for Internal Audit by Public Sector Managers? 2. What steps should be put in place in order to get the support of management for Internal Auditing in the Public Sector? 3. Is there a comparison between the quality of service the Internal Auditor provides for his organisation and the attitude of managers towards the Internal Audit function? Hypothesis: The quality of service provided by the Internal Auditors for their organization is in no way related to the attitude of managers towards the function of the Internal Audit. Objectives: 1. Examine the factors that are responsible for the low support of the Internal Audit by managers of the Public Sector institution. 2. Identify specific actions required to secure support of managers for the Internal Audit 3. Establish the relationship between quality of service and support of managers for Internal Audit Significance of Study: The significance of the study will be to: 1. Introduce the Agency to the Jamaican public not as evaluators but future planners 2. Improve the public understanding of the Agency’s role in the government 3. To show that the agency aids organizations in achieving their goals and objectives. Methodology Areas covered in this section include : research design, population, sample and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis. Research Design: Â  The design will involve evaluating the role of the Internal Auditors in the governance of the organisations in the public sector. This research is designed to validate the objectives set out by the researcher. Population: The public sector of Jamaica is probably the largest employers of internal auditors. These institutions involve several organisations including ministries, departments and agencies (A). It also includes metropolitan, municipal and district assemblies (B). The targeted population for the study would include: 1. Directors and managers 2. Financial officers, coordinating directors and staff 3. Staff and heads of the audit departments Sampling and Sampling Technique The researcher will adopt the survey type of research in which a sample from the target population will be used for the study. A total of 150 elements will be selected from a target population of 500. The details are as follows: * 20 directors and 5 managers * 30 coordinating directors and 15 financial officers * 60 staff members and 10 heads of the audit department In this research, the researcher will adopt a multistage stratified sampling method to select elements. -The population will be separated accordingly into (A) and (B), as shown above. -Elements in group (A) are the Ministries, Departments and Agencies -Elements in group (B) are the Metropolitan, Municipal and Districts. This separates them to allow the research information to be more coherent and shows that their operations are significantly different. Data Collection: The focus of this data collection is to show the attitudes and perception and the importance of primary data. Secondary data will also be collected to reinforce the data collected. The researcher will have to provide the Public sector institutions with an introductory letter explaining the reason for the research with proper identification and request consent. The initial visit to selected institutions would be to familiarize himself with those institutions and members within the institutions . Data Collection Instrument A questionnaire will be the instrument used in retrieving the Data. It would include structured questions segregated into 4 sections. ‘Section 1’, ‘Section 2’, ‘Section 3’, ‘Section 4’. * Section ‘1’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the first research question * Section ‘2’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the second research question * Section ‘3’ will consist of questions seeking to answer the third question * Section ‘4’ will consist of questions to test and validating the hypothesis Data Analysis The answered retrieved from the questionnaire will be graded in each section and a percentage will be formulated. Limitations The researcher may not be able to cover all the institutions over Jamaica. Institutions may not allow the researcher to conduct research on the organization. References * The Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA). (2007), The Professional Practices Framework. Florida, U.S.: The IIA Research Foundation. * Institute of Internal Auditors (2010) Role of Internal Audit, South Africa * Cahmbers, R. Internal Auditor: Chambers on the Profession (2012) Dilemmas Every Internal Auditor Will Face, http://www.theiia.org/blogs/chambers/index.cfm/post/Five%20Dilemmas%20Every%20Internal%20Auditor%20Will%20Face * Ministry of Justice, http://www.moj.gov.jm/internal_audit * Auditor General’s Department of Jamaica, Annual Report 200, http://www.auditorgeneral.gov.jm/ Table of Contents Introduction 2 Background of Study 3 Problem Statements 4 Management question, Research Question and Hypothesis 4 Objectives and Significance of study 5 Methodology 6 Research Design and Population 6 Sampling and Sampling Technique 7 Data collection, Data Instrument, Data analysis and Limitations 8 References 9

Beloved, Water Imagery Essay

We visually see water as a clear, constantly flowing object integrated in many areas such as an ocean, a pool, or even a simple cup. But sometimes we do not see the meaning water can have and it’s relation to society. In the novel Beloved, water is related to and involved in many instances that lead to a positive change. Characters like Sethe have experienced a situation in which she had to once escape sweet home, a former slave home, to go on to live a free life. Instances of rebirth or birth occur with Denver and Beloved being brought into the world. At the time, being a slave was hard and even harder when one was pregnant; one would still receive constant abuse, and for Sethe, it was a difficult life. Beginning a new life with a family could have been the start for so, but they would have to escape their slave homes. Therefore, it is seen that the motif of water serves as a positive concept for the characters and their future. At first, it is seen that Sethe, a black, female, pregnant slave who resides in sweet home, is under the care of a cruel man, schoolteacher, who enforced slave-like behavior. The brutality Sethe suffers gets to the point where she has to run away from sweet home in secure of a peaceful life. Captured, beaten, and under the control of schoolteacher after her attempt to run away, she does so again, despite being caught previously. Upon her arrival at the Ohio River, she sees a white girl by the name of Amy Denver, who aids in the birth of Sethe’s daughter as the canoe is being filled with water; her child is named Denver, after Amy Denver helped her. Later another character named Stamp Paid helps Sethe go across the Ohio River without any problems. The water in these scenes is significant because a new child is born, and without the water, it would be a harder process to deliver. With the help of Stamp Paid, Sethe goes over the Ohio River on the way to Baby Sugg’s house. The water also signifies the first steps to Sethe’s freedom by leaving sweet home and the cruel memories it has to her. Before heading to 124 with Denver and eventually meeting up with Paul D, Sethe makes a stop at Baby Sugg’s home in Cincinnati, OH. Baby Suggs could be viewed as an inspiration to the black community as she is aware of what slaves are going through. â€Å"She led Sethe to the keeping room and, by the light of a spirit lamp, bathed her in sections, starting with her face. Then, while waiting for another pan of heated water, she sat next to her and stitched cotton. Sethe dozed and woke to the washing of her hands and arms. † (Morrison, 109) The implication of Sethe’s face being bathed is that she is starting her life all over. The memories she has of being raped by schoolteacher’s nephews and constant abuse from schoolteacher are cleansed away by the water she is bathed with. The water in this context serves as a make-over for Sethe’s life, allowing her to move on from the past and to the future. In addition to seeing Sethe find her freedom through her escape, Paul D too had to find a way to get to 124 to be with her and Denver. Stuck in the abusive prison camp in Alfred, GA, the prisoners are kept in their cells all day by rain: â€Å"It rained. In the boxes the men heard the water rise in the trench and looked out for cottonmouths. They squatted in muddy water, slept above it, peed in it†¦ it happened so quick he had no time to ponder†¦ one by one, from Hi Man back on down the like, thy dove. Down through the mud under the bars, blind, groping. † (Morrison, 109) The excessive rain that poured down to the ground created a muddy footing which gave the prisoners the opportunity to escape. Paul D took advantage of this situation to escape the prison camp to get to 124 to be with Denver and Sethe. Once again, it is seen that water is an essential positive concept for the characters in Beloved. Without the water’s presence, the muddy ground would not have allowed or helped Paul D and the rest to escape. The impact the water has on this scene is helping to facilitate Paul D after he has been enslaved for a long time. He and Sethe both start new paths because of the concept of water. Within the text, the motif of water is shown to be has an essential object which helps the slaves in different ways. The flatbed filled with water aids in the delivery of Denver. The water that Baby Suggs bathes Sethe with cleanses her past and rejuvenates her life to a brand new future. The torrential downpour Paul D experiences in his prison camp allows the ground to become an easy surface to escape from opening the way to a new future. And finally, the long Ohio River is used by Sethe uses to escape her â€Å"prison† with schoolteacher in Kentucky. All of these examples of water’s are positive leading out causes for these characters. Without water, the characters goes would have ended up much differently.

Finding “Love In L.A.” Essay

Stuck in traffic on the Hollywood freeway one morning, a happy-go-lucky guy named Jake gets into an accident amidst nursing a fantastic dream about owning a better car than his beat up ’58 Buick. After surveying the damage on his car and the absence of it, Jake sees an opportunity once he meets the victim of his traffic flight of fancy. He unleashes his charms and proceeds to woo his victim, a Venezuelan immigrant named Marianna, by asking her name and number, and by trying to convince her not to let the authorities know what happened. However, all his attempts fail as Marianna keeps shifting the focus back to the problem at hand. When finally confronted with the responsibility for the damages, Jake decides to lie his way out by giving false information regarding his identity and car insurance. Despite these, he pursued Marianna by claiming to be both a musician and an actor. After the so-called solution to the problem, Marianna seems to warm up to Jake and finally relents in giving her number. As they part ways, Jake notices that Marianna jots down his license plates, making sure that he would be traced. However, Jake has the last laugh as it is revealed that his license plates were just stolen from an old junk. The story ends with the sly fox gloating on his escape and slipping back into another fantasy. Love in L. A. is a story about love, or the lack of it. Readers of the story are led to believe that it is a story of two star-crossed lovers, a carefree guy and a stable, proper girl, meeting in the most unlikely of places such as a traffic accident on Hollywood boulevard. However, the story reveals that the romantic notion of finding love in unlikely places is just a fantasy, a flight of fancy not unlike the one Jake was having when he smacked into Marianna’s car. L. A. is perfect as a setting for this story as it is a chorus of both the business world and cultural diversity. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, it is one of the largest and most diverse cities in the United Sates with a population of almost 10 million multicultural residents (State and County Quick facts). Aside from its impressive statistics, it is also home to the most famous entertainment town in the world, Hollywood. It is the perfect place for a carefree character to have a chance encounter with the prim and proper business type. And where else but to stage it in a freeway where all walks of life are made equal by suffering the same fate, being stalled in a traffic jam. Thus, L. A. can be considered a perfect setting for star-crossed â€Å"lovers† meeting in a city’s societal crucible, the freeway. The interaction between the characters when they meet mirrors courtship. The boy finally having a chance to talk to the pretty girl, tries to put his best foot forward while the girl seems impervious to the infatuation. This encounter reveals the hidden agendas, the motives behind the charms and the fallacy of first impressions. Then, the reader is once again taken for a ride as it seems that the prim and proper girl melts to the charm of the easy-go-lucky guy and relents in giving him a sliver of personal information. But this hope is dashed once again in the last part of the story as the masks of the two characters are stripped away to reveal their slyness and manipulation: one is making sure the other will not escape while the other gloats in his final sham. This final encounter supports the fact that the love in this story is nothing more than a means, to be manipulated by both characters to achieve their ends. When Jake Met Marianna The introduction of Jake paints a picture of a carefree easy-go-lucky guy who lives detached from the set rules of life. He is presented as a man whose philosophy hinges on self-freedom rather than stability. He despises being chained to routine, as shown by his arrogance towards ‘the steadily employed’ and his reference to Marianna’s hurrying to the office as ‘boring’. He can be considered a free spirit, not in a positive sense, but rather more as a bum who would rather live in fantasy than face the responsibilities of reality. Despite the age of his car, 52 years old, Jake comes off as middle-aged, around 25-30 years of age, lanky and with a scruffy chin, wearing a shirt with a rock and roll theme, faded jeans and battered Chuck Taylors. He would have been cool if he had focused on restoring his ’58 Buick rather than daydreaming about having a new car. Instead, his daydreaming almost led to the loss of his present car. The traffic accident strengthens the characterization of Jake, magnifying his tendency to live in his dreams rather than face reality. He went for swagger and charms rather than owning up fors his mistake, in the hopes of both escaping the responsibility of paying for the damage and capturing the girl. The traffic accident was also the means for the reader to be introduced to Marianna, the victim of Jake’s daydream. She is first introduced as affable, even smiling at Jake in their first verbal exchange. However, the conflict also reveals her true nature as she deflects all of Jake’s advances to ensure that justice is served. Despite her short exposure and introduction in the story, the reader can glean so much history from the way she reacted to the problem. From the small pieces of information provided in the story, one can infer that Marianna’s immigrant family have had success in their adopted homeland, evidenced by the fact that her father was able to give her a car. She is an independent woman, asserting her right even in the barrage of Jake’s swagger and charm. But, she can also be very manipulative. Realizing that Jake was untrustworthy, she pretended to be affected by her charms so as to escape his advances. Then, when they were about to separate, she jotted down the Buick’s plate number just in case the information received was false. Her efforts failed however as it is revealed that even the plate number was false. The last paragraphs defined both characters. They were an anti-thesis of each other right down to their cars. Jake drove a beat down yet very durable 1958 Buick while Marianna drove a brand new, imported but quite flimsy car. The beat down Buick is an extension of the characterization of Jake in the sense that it had the potential to be a very beautiful car if only taken care of. Its fake plate number represented the swagger of Jake, open to the public but fraudulent. Marianna’s car on the other hand also mirrored her personality. It was new, imported and up to date with the advancements of the modern age. But since it was imported, much like the immigrant Marianna, it was flimsy and not up for the abuse of American freeways. Even the effect of the accident on both owners and cars were similar. Surely, Marianna will be traumatized once she finds out that all the information she got, down to the plate number, were fake and useless, much like her car which was dented and damaged. As for the Buick and Jake, life goes on, the potential of the car continues to be unrealized much like its owner’s reality warped by his fantasies. In closing, the title of the story misleads the reader into thinking that it is indeed a romantic story. Thus, it perfectly encapsulates the underlying theme of misleading. This theme propels the story: from the lies and swagger of Jake to his penchant for living in daydreams to the manipulation of Marianna with Jake’s infatuation of her down to the fake license plates of the Buick. Even readers will shake their heads, falling victims to the same fate as Marianna and her flimsy car. Works Cited U. S. Census Bureau. â€Å"State and County Quick facts†. last revised 21 April 2010. Web. 13 July 2010.

Course Content Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Course Content Portfolio - Essay Example The course objectives described in the Syllabus describe the tangible application of theory as it applies to the health organization. My lesson plan objectives iterate the tangible steps by which these fundamental learnings will be absorbed and discussed. It is not only the structured hierarchies and systems in place that determine human behavior, it is the attitudes, loyalty structures, interpersonal relationship developments, ego versus emotional humility, and even socio-economic differences that distinguish accepted values related to power distance and manager/subordinate relationships. My plan objectives describe the importance of understanding advanced level psychology and social studies in order to achieve the ultimate goal of successfully persevering and thriving amid difficult or challenging health care environments. My secondary objective is to provide students with specific knowledge regarding organizational structure and organizational politics to ensure students recognize the complexity of human relationships. It is necessary to understand the real-life systems and organizational hierarchies that exist and how these have inter-dependencies which directly influence quality of relationships and political authority chains. My main objective is to teach students how to behave in quality and less-than-quality environments, thus giving an emphasis on teaching as it relates to self-restraint, behavioral modification, and professionalism. It flows from the objectives listed on the syllabus by highlighting the specific obligations and responsibilities of the student when dealing with conflict scenarios or stern authority actors in the organization. The Instructional Approach Role playing exercises are the most fundamental method of learning to facilitate the transition from understanding theory to practical application within the health care organization. Role playing creates a story by which student actors are offered diversity in multiple roles of subordin ation and authority. Harris (2007, p. 111) identifies that â€Å"stories resonate with life experiences and remind people of how they fit into their culture and connect to others’ culture.† The University of Wisconsin (1995) further supported that when the student is put into the role of educator, they are more likely to be engaged and achieve comprehension of what is being taught, as was described in the course syllabus. I will be providing a forum for diverse expression within a variety of instructor-led scenarios to improve retention and serve as an assessment tool as to whether or not students are grasping the concepts of transforming theory to application. Role playing also improves empathy toward others, increases confidence and self-esteem, and decreases inhibitions (Parrish, 2004). These are necessary behavior patterns required to exhibit emotional intelligence and restraint when decorum demands it in difficult health care situations and they require my talents to effectively teach. Nourse (1995) offers that students will often embrace the teachings of guest speakers as it enhances classroom variety and adds â€Å"

Sustainable Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Target Market Samsung Electronics has strategized its market offerings through the defining of a new target base comprising of fashionable, trendy and high class consumers. Prior to such the company mainly focused on creation of value products that would help the consumer gain better quality at affordable prices. However the gaining of a new target base has enabled the company to focus on the production of fashionable and premium products in order to meet their enhanced desires. Samsung Electronics eyes the new consumer base as fashionable and filled with curiosity and a sense of adventure to try the new (Rowley & Paik, 2009, p.63). General Strategy The general strategy of Samsung Electronics and that of the Samsung Group in total mainly centres around three parameters. Firstly the company management focuses on rendering high class innovation in its products and thereby empowering the internal people to work on the same. Secondly the company also works to incorporate large scale dive rsification in regards to both its products and business sectors. Thirdly the company through empowering individuals helps them to identify and go for newer opportunities and thus to develop both professionally and personally (Samsung-a, 2010). Triple Bottom Line Goals Profits Today most of the companies are practising the sustainability measures to gain a competitive advantage. Samsung Electronics by making a mark in the sustainable factor can create a competitive advantage. Developing environmentally products and improve customer satisfaction would eventually lead to profit as consumers are also demanding products which are environmental friendly. The company can also maximise the corporate value by sound economic activities and enhance profit for the organisation. People The company needs to educate the consumers in regards to the production of premium gadgets incorporating high end technology. Awareness created amongst the people through print and visual advertisements helps in enhancing their desire to procure high end products. Samsung Electronics should also work to engage the supplier groups and employees to render products to the consumers that would be reliable and innovative to suit their quality needs. Samsung Electronics can also work in the development of electronic schools and training centres to help attract young and innovative minds in their operations. Planet Samsung Electronics in its endeavour to enhance the dimension of reliability and quality is also required to work on the dimension of carbon footprint. The carbon footprint would help the company track the amount of carbon usage in regards to the company’s and it’s supply chain groups’ operations. This method would help the company reduce the amount of carbon usage and emission and thus promote a greener environment. Further the company also needs to enhance the use of recyclable materials in its production of gadgets to help enhance its accountability to nature. St akeholder Analysis

Chicano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chicano - Essay Example There are various types of son depending upon the rural folk music it categorizes, and every type has its own unique instrumentation. 2. Also known as espinela and introduced by Vicente Gà ³mez Martà ­nez-Espinel (1550– 1624), a decima is a style in poetry in which the poem has ten-line stanzas. A decima conveys thoughtful, spiritual, ethical, or political message to the reader. Decimas may be philosophical or comical. Satirical decimas highlight people’s flaws. Puerto Rico decimas are octosyllabic, where each stanza has 10 lines, with the rhyming scheme of ABBAACCDDC. Decimas are often improvised, and the improviser is known as decimero. Decimeros improvise decimas in folklore poetic competitions known as payadas. They confront the primary message in the decimas. For example, they respond to the satirical decima with a kind decima, and come up with a duet song that becomes an extempore creative improvising of a satirical

Mate choice & plumage polymorphism in the feral pigeon (Columba livia) Essay

Mate choice & plumage polymorphism in the feral pigeon (Columba livia) - Essay Example Assortative mating is a process where two similar or dissimilar individuals mate where as Disassortative mating involves choosing of a partner for progeny benefits from the range of the parental genotypes. Aim of this paper is to evaluate the association of plumage polymorphism and mate choice in feral pigeons using Chi-square test. In particular, this paper analyzes the plumage colour preference as either dependent or independent in the mating process of the male and female feral pigeons. If the pigeons choose their partner in harmony with plumage colour then it is defined as dependent pairing and if they choose their partner without considering colour then it is independent pairing with respect to plumage colours. The purpose of the study is to understand feral pigeon’s plumage based mating increases the reproductive output and extend their lifespan which are also based on environmental conditions. The colour categories used for this study are melanic, blue-grey and other colours including pale/brown pigeons. â€Å"The other colours noted in feral pigeons are faded, pale, reduced, opal, indigo, milky, pearl eye and more.† (Miller 1997). The research on feral pigeons plumage based mating is carried as described in academic handbook using Chi-square test of independence. Chi-square test of independence tests the association between two definite variables. Colour of males’ plumage and colours of females’ plumage are the variables used in this test. The result (χ2) is then looked up on a Chi-square (χ2) table with a number of degrees of freedom (df). â€Å"We determine df for the Test of Independence by the formula df = (r-1)(c-1), where r = the number of rows and c = the number of columns.† (Yount 2006, p.6). â€Å"Chi-squared distribution table.† (The chi-squared distribution table, n.d.). ‘Expected Value’ Calculation: Using the ratios (relative frequencies) of three colour morphs in observed population, the expected values

Movie Amelie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amelie - Movie Review Example They are seen as "cultural artifacts created by specific cultures that reflect those cultures" (Wikipedia, 2007) Talking about the connection film-art, Tarkovski states the following: "Each of the arts has its own poetic meaning and cinema is no exception. It has its particular role, its own destiny - it came into being in order to express a specific area of life, the meaning of which up till then had not found expression in any existing art form." (1989, p.82) We understand from all these acceptations of film and its relationship with the idea of art that film in general is a form of art. Jean -Pierre Jeunet's movie, Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amelie Poulain, illustrates eloquently this idea. The movie concentrates on a small but very significant fragment from the life of a French young woman, Amelie Poulain. Her life up to the moment shown as present by the film is sketched in a few words and images. She was brought up in a family that could be described as a little bit weird. If we think about it, we all have our strange habits, likes or dislikes. But Amelie's parents seem to have more than what we may call regular eccentricities. And Amelie herself is not the common type of woman. She is different: she dresses in an uncommon manner and she acts in an uncommon way, especially when it comes to socializing. She barely interacts with others and she prefers to spend time in her own world. And this is what changes throughout the movie, as the action progresses. She eventually succeeds in establishing a connection, as she meets the young Nino, with whom she falls in love. But like everything in Amelie’s life, her way of making Nino notice her is not a common one. ... But like everything in Amelie's life, her way of making Nino notice her is not a common one. The mystery she creates, the clues that she leaves for him and that he has to understand and follow are both amusing and appealing. Their romanticism is so special that you feel irremediably in love with the movie. Although she loves him and she made steps in trying to connect with him, when the moment comes and he arrives at the caf where she works to meet her, as she had indicated to him, Amelie cannot react and when he asks her whether she is the girl he is looking for, she denies it. Amusing and at the same time interesting are the assumptions Amelie pessimistically makes when Nino seems not to come. She imagines all sorts of strange scenarios, events that could have prevented him from arriving. Circumstances lead to the meeting of Gina, Amelie's colleague, with Nino. Although they only meet to talk about Amelie, she misunderstands the situation and becomes contagiously sad. Audrey Tautou plays her part so well that at the end of the movie, when, while she is making a cake and imagines how her life would be with Nino, she starts to cry, we feel moved too. Fortunately, the ending is a happy one. Nino comes to her door and they express the feelings they have for each other in a really special way. They don't use language, only gesture. And thus, Amelie finally manages to connect to people. The fact that the development of the action brings about a change is one of the elements that relates the movie to a literature. In a novel, or a drama the character undergoes a change from its beginning to its end, so that the final scene brings about a character different from that we saw when we began reading. Although inspired

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Corporate strategy - Essay Example Despite the pressure of the global financial crisis, the Group continued with its existing policy. Consequently, the Group’s Executive Chairman announced that some delay over the opening of certain hotels and resorts is unavoidable. Corporate Strategy: Jumeirah Group Introduction Worldwide destinations spend over $1,480 billion dollars to attract tourism, enabling it as a lucrative product (Pike, 2005). Additionally, vision must enable trade and investment in that quest (Hankinson, 2005). And, to enjoy a successful branding strategy for tourist destinations, five factors, such as retail, services, transit hub, tourism and economics, must be there to implement strategic vision (Jamrozy, 2007, Wong et al. 2006). And the vision of the Jumeirah Group heads in the same direction. In the year of 1997, Jumeirah Hotels & Resorts, as a company initiated to serve in the field of hospitality. Due to its commitment and constant success in the field, Jumeirah Group became a member of Dubai Holding in 2004 (About Jumeirah Group, web).Being based in the city of Dubai, the Jumeirah Group owns and runs Jumeirah Beach Hotel, Jumeirah Emirates Towers, the Jumeirah Carlton Tower, Jumeirah Bab Al Shams Desert Resort and Spa in Dubai, Madinat Jumeirah, Jumeirah Lowndes Hotel in London, and the Jumeirah Essex House on Central Park South in the city of New York (Enz, 2010). Additionally, the Group also owns the Wild Wadi, which is considered as one of the premium water parks outside of North America; further, the Emirates Academy of Hospitality Management, which is only third-level institution in the region catering the services in the learning and teaching in the field of hospitality management, also come under the management of this group (Enz, 2010). This group is a giant in the field of hospitality management working beyond the boundaries of the Middle East. Its strategic objectives till the year of 2012 is to conclude the ongoing projects to 60 hotels and resorts, includin g some projects are underway in Americas, Asia Pacific, North Africa and Europe (Jumeirah, web). Currently, the Group is determined to expand not only within the Middle East but also other parts of the world. Although, the group has published its corporate responsibility report in 2008, clearly highlighting its corporate responsibility, mentioning its corporate strategy elements, vision, mission, corporate social responsibility and certain other elements are accounted for. Despite showing so much exceptional growth and expansion in the recent years, the Jumeirah Group has not published the corporate responsibility reports after the year of 2008, since then there are no additional financial and operational information suggesting the current level of its commitment on the green house gases, customers, and other stakeholders. The Group seems unable to produce its corporate responsibility reports, raising more doubts on its commitment towards corporate issues, including corporate social responsibility. In the subsequent parts of this paper, the concept of corporate strategy is followed by the Jumeirah Group’s corporate strategy of global expansion and growth analysis. Subsequent to that, critical analysis is carried over the Jumeirah Group’s disclosure policy; in the end, a conclusion and some recommendations are also made part of this paper. Corporate strategy Corporate strategy